956 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
956 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
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NAME
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unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
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SYNOPSIS
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unzip [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...]
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[-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]
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DESCRIPTION
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unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP archive, commonly
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found on MS-DOS systems. The default behavior (with no options) is to
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extract into the current directory (and subdirectories below it) all
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files from the specified ZIP archive. A companion program, zip(1L),
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creates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with archives cre-
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ated by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many cases the
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program options or default behaviors differ.
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ARGUMENTS
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file[.zip]
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Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specification is a
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wildcard, each matching file is processed in an order determined
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by the operating system (or file system). Only the filename can
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be a wildcard; the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are
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similar to those supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh,
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ksh, csh) and may contain:
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* matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
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? matches exactly 1 character
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[...] matches any single character found inside the brackets;
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ranges are specified by a beginning character, a hyphen,
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and an ending character. If an exclamation point or a
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caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket, then the
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range of characters within the brackets is complemented
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(that is, anything except the characters inside the
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brackets is considered a match). To specify a verbatim
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left bracket, the three-character sequence ``[[]'' has to
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be used.
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(Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be inter-
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preted or modified by the operating system, particularly under
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Unix and VMS.) If no matches are found, the specification is
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assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the
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suffix .zip is appended. Note that self-extracting ZIP files
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are supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the
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.exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
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[file(s)]
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An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated
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by spaces. (VMS versions compiled with VMSCLI defined must
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delimit files with commas instead. See -v in OPTIONS below.)
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Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple
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members; see above. Again, be sure to quote expressions that
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would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.
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[-x xfile(s)]
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An optional list of archive members to be excluded from process-
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ing. Since wildcard characters normally match (`/') directory
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separators (for exceptions see the option -W), this option may
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be used to exclude any files that are in subdirectories. For
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example, ``unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would extract all C source
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files in the main directory, but none in any subdirectories.
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Without the -x option, all C source files in all directories
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within the zipfile would be extracted.
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[-d exdir]
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An optional directory to which to extract files. By default,
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all files and subdirectories are recreated in the current direc-
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tory; the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory
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(always assuming one has permission to write to the directory).
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This option need not appear at the end of the command line; it
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is also accepted before the zipfile specification (with the nor-
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mal options), immediately after the zipfile specification, or
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between the file(s) and the -x option. The option and directory
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may be concatenated without any white space between them, but
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note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed.
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In particular, ``-d ~'' (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells
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into the name of the user's home directory, but ``-d~'' is
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treated as a literal subdirectory ``~'' of the current direc-
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tory.
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OPTIONS
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Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's usage
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screen is limited to 22 or 23 lines and should therefore be considered
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only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax rather than an exhaustive
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list of all possible flags. The exhaustive list follows:
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-Z zipinfo(1L) mode. If the first option on the command line is
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-Z, the remaining options are taken to be zipinfo(1L) options.
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See the appropriate manual page for a description of these
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options.
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-A [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's programming
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interface (API).
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-c extract files to stdout/screen (``CRT''). This option is simi-
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lar to the -p option except that the name of each file is
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printed as it is extracted, the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-
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EBCDIC conversion is automatically performed if appropriate.
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This option is not listed in the unzip usage screen.
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-f freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those files that
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already exist on disk and that are newer than the disk copies.
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By default unzip queries before overwriting, but the -o option
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may be used to suppress the queries. Note that under many oper-
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ating systems, the TZ (timezone) environment variable must be
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set correctly in order for -f and -u to work properly (under
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Unix the variable is usually set automatically). The reasons
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for this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences
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between DOS-format file times (always local time) and Unix-for-
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mat times (always in GMT/UTC) and the necessity to compare the
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two. A typical TZ value is ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with
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automatic adjustment for Daylight Savings Time or ``summer
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time'').
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-l list archive files (short format). The names, uncompressed file
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sizes and modification dates and times of the specified files
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are printed, along with totals for all files specified. If
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UnZip was compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also
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lists columns for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes
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(EAs) and OS/2 access control lists (ACLs). In addition, the
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zipfile comment and individual file comments (if any) are dis-
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played. If a file was archived from a single-case file system
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(for example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option
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was given, the filename is converted to lowercase and is pre-
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fixed with a caret (^).
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-p extract files to pipe (stdout). Nothing but the file data is
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sent to stdout, and the files are always extracted in binary
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format, just as they are stored (no conversions).
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-t test archive files. This option extracts each specified file in
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memory and compares the CRC (cyclic redundancy check, an
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enhanced checksum) of the expanded file with the original file's
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stored CRC value.
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-T [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that of the
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newest file in each one. This corresponds to zip's -go option
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except that it can be used on wildcard zipfiles (e.g., ``unzip
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-T \*.zip'') and is much faster.
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-u update existing files and create new ones if needed. This
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option performs the same function as the -f option, extracting
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(with query) files that are newer than those with the same name
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on disk, and in addition it extracts those files that do not
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already exist on disk. See -f above for information on setting
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the timezone properly.
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-v list archive files (verbose format) or show diagnostic version
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info. This option has evolved and now behaves as both an option
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and a modifier. As an option it has two purposes: when a zip-
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file is specified with no other options, -v lists archive files
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verbosely, adding to the basic -l info the compression method,
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compressed size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC. In contrast
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to most of the competing utilities, unzip removes the 12 addi-
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tional header bytes of encrypted entries from the compressed
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size numbers. Therefore, compressed size and compression ratio
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figures are independent of the entry's encryption status and
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show the correct compression performance. (The complete size of
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the encrypted compressed data stream for zipfile entries is
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reported by the more verbose zipinfo(1L) reports, see the sepa-
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rate manual.) When no zipfile is specified (that is, the com-
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plete command is simply ``unzip -v''), a diagnostic screen is
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printed. In addition to the normal header with release date and
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version, unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp site and where to
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find a list of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating
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system for which it was compiled, as well as (possibly) the
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hardware on which it was compiled, the compiler and version
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used, and the compilation date; any special compilation options
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that might affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION
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below); and any options stored in environment variables that
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might do the same (see ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS below). As a modi-
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fier it works in conjunction with other options (e.g., -t) to
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produce more verbose or debugging output; this is not yet fully
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implemented but will be in future releases.
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-z display only the archive comment.
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MODIFIERS
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-a convert text files. Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly
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as they are stored (as ``binary'' files). The -a option causes
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files identified by zip as text files (those with the `t' label
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in zipinfo listings, rather than `b') to be automatically
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extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file charac-
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ters and the character set itself as necessary. (For example,
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Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have
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no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns
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(CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs
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and control-Z for EOF. In addition, IBM mainframes and the
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Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more common
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ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that zip's
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identification of text files is by no means perfect; some
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``text'' files may actually be binary and vice versa. unzip
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therefore prints ``[text]'' or ``[binary]'' as a visual check
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for each file it extracts when using the -a option. The -aa
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option forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of
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the supposed file type. On VMS, see also -S.
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-b [general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions). This
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is a shortcut for ---a.
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-b [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 ('C')
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when extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is
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enabled by default, see above).
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-b [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length,
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512-byte record format. Doubling the option (-bb) forces all
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files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to stan-
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dard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion
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of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all
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(-bb) files.
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-B [when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of
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each overwritten file. The backup file is gets the name of the
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target file with a tilde and optionally a unique sequence number
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(up to 5 digits) appended. The sequence number is applied when-
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ever another file with the original name plus tilde already
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exists. When used together with the "overwrite all" option -o,
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numbered backup files are never created. In this case, all
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backup files are named as the original file with an appended
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tilde, existing backup files are deleted without notice. This
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feature works similarly to the default behavior of emacs(1) in
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many locations.
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Example: the old copy of ``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''.
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Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not pre-
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vent loss of existing data under all circumstances. For exam-
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ple, when unzip is run in overwrite-all mode, an existing
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``foo~'' file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename ``foo''
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to ``foo~''. When this rename attempt fails (because of a file
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locks, insufficient privileges, or ...), the extraction of
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``foo~'' gets cancelled, but the old backup file is already
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lost. A similar scenario takes place when the sequence number
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range for numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535
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for 16-bit systems). In this case, the backup file with the
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maximum sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new
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backup version without notice.
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-C use case-insensitive matching for the selection of archive
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entries from the command-line list of extract selection pat-
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terns. unzip's philosophy is ``you get what you ask for'' (this
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is also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant
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options below). Because some file systems are fully case-sensi-
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tive (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because
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both ZIP archives and unzip itself are portable across plat-
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forms, unzip's default behavior is to match both wildcard and
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literal filenames case-sensitively. That is, specifying ``make-
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file'' on the command line will only match ``makefile'' in the
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archive, not ``Makefile'' or ``MAKEFILE'' (and similarly for
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wildcard specifications). Since this does not correspond to the
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behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2
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HPFS, which preserves mixed case but is not sensitive to it),
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the -C option may be used to force all filename matches to be
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case-insensitive. In the example above, all three files would
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then match ``makefile'' (or ``make*'', or similar). The -C
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option affects file specs in both the normal file list and the
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excluded-file list (xlist).
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Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search
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for the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to exist-
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ing files on the extraction path. On a case-sensitive file sys-
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tem, unzip will never try to overwrite a file ``FOO'' when
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extracting an entry ``foo''!
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-D skip restoration of timestamps for extracted items. Normally,
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unzip tries to restore all meta-information for extracted items
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that are supplied in the Zip archive (and do not require privi-
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leges or impose a security risk). By specifying -D, unzip is
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told to suppress restoration of timestamps for directories
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explicitly created from Zip archive entries. This option only
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applies to ports that support setting timestamps for directories
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(currently ATheOS, BeOS, MacOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, Win32, for
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other unzip ports, -D has no effect). The duplicated option -DD
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forces suppression of timestamp restoration for all extracted
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entries (files and directories). This option results in setting
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the timestamps for all extracted entries to the current time.
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On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consis-
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tency with the behaviour of BACKUP: file timestamps are
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restored, timestamps of extracted directories are left at the
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current time. To enable restoration of directory timestamps,
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the negated option --D should be specified. On VMS, the option
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-D disables timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip archive
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items. (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the
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default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)
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-E [MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during
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restore operation.
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-F [Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from
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stored filenames.
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-F [non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded com-
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mas, and only if compiled with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] trans-
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late filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field blocks
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into a NFS filetype extension and append it to the names of the
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extracted files. (When the stored filename appears to already
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have an appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by the
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info from the extra field.)
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-i [MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields.
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Instead, the most compatible filename stored in the generic part
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of the entry's header is used.
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-j junk paths. The archive's directory structure is not recreated;
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all files are deposited in the extraction directory (by default,
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the current one).
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-J [BeOS only] junk file attributes. The file's BeOS file
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attributes are not restored, just the file's data.
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-J [MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields. All Macintosh specific
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info is skipped. Data-fork and resource-fork are restored as
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separate files.
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-K [AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky file
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attributes. Without this flag, these attribute bits are cleared
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for security reasons.
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-L convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-
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only operating system or file system. (This was unzip's default
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behavior in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is
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identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is now
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obsolete and will be removed in a future release.) Depending on
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the archiver, files archived under single-case file systems
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(VMS, old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase
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names; this can be ugly or inconvenient when extracting to a
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case-preserving file system such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensi-
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tive one such as under Unix. By default unzip lists and
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extracts such filenames exactly as they're stored (excepting
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truncation, conversion of unsupported characters, etc.); this
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option causes the names of all files from certain systems to be
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converted to lowercase. The -LL option forces conversion of
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every filename to lowercase, regardless of the originating file
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system.
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-M pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix
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more(1) command. At the end of a screenful of output, unzip
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pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be
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viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar.
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unzip can be terminated by pressing the ``q'' key and, on some
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systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more(1), there is no
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forward-searching or editing capability. Also, unzip doesn't
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notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively
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resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the likeli-
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hood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before
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being viewed. On some systems the number of available lines on
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the screen is not detected, in which case unzip assumes the
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height is 24 lines.
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-n never overwrite existing files. If a file already exists, skip
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the extraction of that file without prompting. By default unzip
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queries before extracting any file that already exists; the user
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may choose to overwrite only the current file, overwrite all
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files, skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of
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all existing files, or rename the current file.
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-N [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes. File comments
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are created with the -c option of zip(1L), or with the -N option
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of the Amiga port of zip(1L), which stores filenotes as com-
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ments.
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-o overwrite existing files without prompting. This is a dangerous
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option, so use it with care. (It is often used with -f, how-
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ever, and is the only way to overwrite directory EAs under
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OS/2.)
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-P password
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use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries (if any).
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THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user operating systems provide
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ways for any user to see the current command line of any other
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user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of
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over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext password as
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part of a command line in an automated script is even worse.
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Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to
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enter passwords. (And where security is truly important, use
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strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the
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relatively weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utili-
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ties.)
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-q perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter). Ordinarily
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unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or testing,
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the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be
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stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with
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each archive. The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some
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or all of these messages.
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-s [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores.
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Since all PC operating systems allow spaces in filenames, unzip
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by default extracts filenames with spaces intact (e.g.,
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``EA DATA. SF''). This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in
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particular does not gracefully support spaces in filenames.
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Conversion of spaces to underscores can eliminate the awkward-
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ness in some cases.
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-S [VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record format,
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instead of the text-file default, variable-length record format.
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(Stream_LF is the default record format of VMS unzip. It is
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applied unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested
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or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)
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-U [UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8 handling. When
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UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option -U forces unzip to
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escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8 coded filenames as
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``#Uxxxx'' (for UCS-2 characters, or ``#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode
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codepoints needing 3 octets). This option is mainly provided
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for debugging purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is sus-
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pected to mangle up extracted filenames.
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The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of
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UTF-8 encoded filenames. The handling of filename codings
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within unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.
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[old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under
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MS-DOS, VMS, etc. See -L above.
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-V retain (VMS) file version numbers. VMS files can be stored with
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a version number, in the format file.ext;##. By default the
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``;##'' version numbers are stripped, but this option allows
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them to be retained. (On file systems that limit filenames to
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particularly short lengths, the version numbers may be truncated
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or stripped regardless of this option.)
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|
-W [only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option enabled] modi-
|
|
fies the pattern matching routine so that both `?' (single-char
|
|
wildcard) and `*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the direc-
|
|
tory separator character `/'. (The two-character sequence
|
|
``**'' acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory
|
|
separator in its matched characters.) Examples:
|
|
|
|
"*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
|
|
"**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
|
|
"*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
|
|
"??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
|
|
but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
|
|
|
|
This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching
|
|
style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs
|
|
(one example is Acorn RISC OS). This option may not be avail-
|
|
able on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory sepa-
|
|
rator character `/' is allowed as regular character in native
|
|
operating system filenames. (Currently, UnZip uses the same
|
|
pattern matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications
|
|
and zip entry selection patterns in most ports. For systems
|
|
allowing `/' as regular filename character, the -W option would
|
|
not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)
|
|
|
|
-X [VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore owner/protection info
|
|
(UICs and ACL entries) under VMS, or user and group info
|
|
(UID/GID) under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under cer-
|
|
tain network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN
|
|
Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or
|
|
security ACLs under Windows NT. In most cases this will require
|
|
special system privileges, and doubling the option (-XX) under
|
|
NT instructs unzip to use privileges for extraction; but under
|
|
Unix, for example, a user who belongs to several groups can
|
|
restore files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user
|
|
IDs match his or her own. Note that ordinary file attributes
|
|
are always restored--this option applies only to optional, extra
|
|
ownership info available on some operating systems. [NT's
|
|
access control lists do not appear to be especially compatible
|
|
with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform portability
|
|
of access privileges. It is not clear under what conditions
|
|
this would ever be useful anyway.]
|
|
|
|
-Y [VMS] treat archived file name endings of ``.nnn'' (where
|
|
``nnn'' is a decimal number) as if they were VMS version num-
|
|
bers (``;nnn''). (The default is to treat them as file types.)
|
|
Example:
|
|
"a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".
|
|
|
|
-$ [MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the extraction
|
|
medium is removable (e.g., a diskette). Doubling the option
|
|
(-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labelled as well.
|
|
By default, volume labels are ignored.
|
|
|
|
-/ extensions
|
|
[Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by Unzip$Ext
|
|
environment variable. During extraction, filename extensions
|
|
that match one of the items in this extension list are swapped
|
|
in front of the base name of the extracted file.
|
|
|
|
-: [all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive
|
|
members into locations outside of the current `` extraction root
|
|
folder''. For security reasons, unzip normally removes ``parent
|
|
dir'' path components (``../'') from the names of extracted
|
|
file. This safety feature (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip
|
|
from accidentally writing files to ``sensitive'' areas outside
|
|
the active extraction folder tree head. The -: option lets
|
|
unzip switch back to its previous, more liberal behaviour, to
|
|
allow exact extraction of (older) archives that used ``../''
|
|
components to create multiple directory trees at the level of
|
|
the current extraction folder. This option does not enable
|
|
writing explicitly to the root directory (``/''). To achieve
|
|
this, it is necessary to set the extraction target folder to
|
|
root (e.g. -d / ). However, when the -: option is specified, it
|
|
is still possible to implicitly write to the root directory by
|
|
specifying enough ``../'' path components within the zip
|
|
archive. Use this option with extreme caution.
|
|
|
|
-^ [Unix only] allow control characters in names of extracted ZIP
|
|
archive entries. On Unix, a file name may contain any (8-bit)
|
|
character code with the two exception '/' (directory delimiter)
|
|
and NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator), unless the
|
|
specific file system has more restrictive conventions. Gener-
|
|
ally, this allows to embed ASCII control characters (or even
|
|
sophisticated control sequences) in file names, at least on
|
|
'native' Unix file systems. However, it may be highly suspi-
|
|
cious to make use of this Unix "feature". Embedded control
|
|
characters in file names might have nasty side effects when dis-
|
|
played on screen by some listing code without sufficient filter-
|
|
ing. And, for ordinary users, it may be difficult to handle
|
|
such file names (e.g. when trying to specify it for open, copy,
|
|
move, or delete operations). Therefore, unzip applies a filter
|
|
by default that removes potentially dangerous control characters
|
|
from the extracted file names. The -^ option allows to override
|
|
this filter in the rare case that embedded filename control
|
|
characters are to be intentionally restored.
|
|
|
|
-2 [VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to
|
|
ODS2-compatible names. The default is to exploit the destina-
|
|
tion file system, preserving case and extended file name charac-
|
|
ters on an ODS5 destination file system; and applying the
|
|
ODS2-compatibility file name filtering on an ODS2 destination
|
|
file system.
|
|
|
|
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
|
|
unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an envi-
|
|
ronment variable. This can be done with any option, but it is probably
|
|
most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers: make unzip
|
|
auto-convert text files by default, make it convert filenames from
|
|
uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively,
|
|
make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or never overwrite files
|
|
as it extracts them. For example, to make unzip act as quietly as pos-
|
|
sible, only reporting errors, one would use one of the following com-
|
|
mands:
|
|
|
|
Unix Bourne shell:
|
|
UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP
|
|
|
|
Unix C shell:
|
|
setenv UNZIP -qq
|
|
|
|
OS/2 or MS-DOS:
|
|
set UNZIP=-qq
|
|
|
|
VMS (quotes for lowercase):
|
|
define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"
|
|
|
|
Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any
|
|
other command-line options, except that they are effectively the first
|
|
options on the command line. To override an environment option, one
|
|
may use the ``minus operator'' to remove it. For instance, to override
|
|
one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command
|
|
|
|
unzip --q[other options] zipfile
|
|
|
|
The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a
|
|
minus sign, acting on the q option. Thus the effect here is to cancel
|
|
one quantum of quietness. To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more)
|
|
minuses may be used:
|
|
|
|
unzip -t--q zipfile
|
|
unzip ---qt zipfile
|
|
|
|
(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or confusing, but it
|
|
is reasonably intuitive: just ignore the first hyphen and go from
|
|
there. It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice(1).
|
|
|
|
As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are
|
|
UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a foreign
|
|
command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and
|
|
UNZIP for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip(1L),
|
|
UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask). If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are
|
|
defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence. unzip's diagnostic option
|
|
(-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four
|
|
possible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
|
|
|
|
The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local time-
|
|
zone in order for the -f and -u to operate correctly. See the descrip-
|
|
tion of -f above for details. This variable may also be necessary to
|
|
get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly. The WIN32
|
|
(Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone configuration
|
|
from the registry, assuming it is correctly set in the Control Panel.
|
|
The TZ variable is ignored for this port.
|
|
|
|
DECRYPTION
|
|
Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to
|
|
United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be dis-
|
|
abled in your compiled binary. However, since spring 2000, US export
|
|
restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do now
|
|
include full crypt code. In case you need binary distributions with
|
|
crypt support enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP source or
|
|
binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.
|
|
|
|
Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption. To check a
|
|
version for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an
|
|
encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v
|
|
option above) for ``[decryption]'' as one of the special compilation
|
|
options.
|
|
|
|
As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the
|
|
command line, but at a cost in security. The preferred decryption
|
|
method is simply to extract normally; if a zipfile member is encrypted,
|
|
unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is typed.
|
|
unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears to be
|
|
valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file. The correct password
|
|
will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-in-256
|
|
chance that an incorrect password will as well. (This is a security
|
|
feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force
|
|
attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing
|
|
only the header.) In the case that an incorrect password is given but
|
|
it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be gen-
|
|
erated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during the
|
|
extraction because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not constitute a valid
|
|
compressed data stream.
|
|
|
|
If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will
|
|
prompt for another password, and so on until all files are extracted.
|
|
If a password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a
|
|
carriage return or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all further
|
|
prompting. Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be
|
|
extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of zip(1L)
|
|
and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted
|
|
file to see if the null password works. This may result in ``false
|
|
positives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)
|
|
|
|
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with
|
|
accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or
|
|
other archivers. This problem stems from the use of multiple encoding
|
|
methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM
|
|
code page 850. DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP
|
|
2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-
|
|
ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding
|
|
(Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not
|
|
allow 8-bit passwords at all. UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the
|
|
default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate
|
|
one (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC systems, if
|
|
both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as a last resort.
|
|
(EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known
|
|
archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.) ISO character encodings
|
|
other than Latin-1 are not supported. The new addition of (partially)
|
|
Unicode (resp. UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to
|
|
the encryption password handling in unzip. On systems that use UTF-8
|
|
as native character encoding, unzip simply tries decryption with the
|
|
native UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the pass-
|
|
word in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support
|
|
and will consequently fail.
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into the
|
|
current directory and subdirectories below it, creating any subdirecto-
|
|
ries as necessary:
|
|
|
|
unzip letters
|
|
|
|
To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:
|
|
|
|
unzip -j letters
|
|
|
|
To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating whether
|
|
the archive is OK or not:
|
|
|
|
unzip -tq letters
|
|
|
|
To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only the sum-
|
|
maries:
|
|
|
|
unzip -tq \*.zip
|
|
|
|
(The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the shell
|
|
expands wildcards, as in Unix; double quotes could have been used
|
|
instead, as in the source examples below.) To extract to standard out-
|
|
put all members of letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting
|
|
to the local end-of-line convention and piping the output into more(1):
|
|
|
|
unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more
|
|
|
|
To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it to
|
|
a printing program:
|
|
|
|
unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips
|
|
|
|
To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c, *.h, and Make-
|
|
file--into the /tmp directory:
|
|
|
|
unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp
|
|
|
|
(the double quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if globbing is
|
|
turned on). To extract all FORTRAN and C source files, regardless of
|
|
case (e.g., both *.c and *.C, and any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or
|
|
similar):
|
|
|
|
unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
|
|
|
|
To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS names
|
|
to lowercase and convert the line-endings of all of the files to the
|
|
local standard (without respect to any files that might be marked
|
|
``binary''):
|
|
|
|
unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
|
|
|
|
To extract only newer versions of the files already in the current
|
|
directory, without querying (NOTE: be careful of unzipping in one
|
|
timezone a zipfile created in another--ZIP archives other than those
|
|
created by Zip 2.1 or later contain no timezone information, and a
|
|
``newer'' file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):
|
|
|
|
unzip -fo sources
|
|
|
|
To extract newer versions of the files already in the current directory
|
|
and to create any files not already there (same caveat as previous
|
|
example):
|
|
|
|
unzip -uo sources
|
|
|
|
To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options
|
|
are stored in environment variables, whether decryption support was
|
|
compiled in, the compiler with which unzip was compiled, etc.:
|
|
|
|
unzip -v
|
|
|
|
In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to
|
|
-q. To do a singly quiet listing:
|
|
|
|
unzip -l file.zip
|
|
|
|
To do a doubly quiet listing:
|
|
|
|
unzip -ql file.zip
|
|
|
|
(Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.) To do a standard
|
|
listing:
|
|
|
|
unzip --ql file.zip
|
|
or
|
|
unzip -l-q file.zip
|
|
or
|
|
unzip -l--q file.zip
|
|
(Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)
|
|
|
|
TIPS
|
|
The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it very useful to
|
|
define a pair of aliases: tt for ``unzip -tq'' and ii for ``unzip -Z''
|
|
(or ``zipinfo''). One may then simply type ``tt zipfile'' to test an
|
|
archive, something that is worth making a habit of doing. With luck
|
|
unzip will report ``No errors detected in compressed data of zip-
|
|
file.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.
|
|
|
|
The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment vari-
|
|
able to ``-aL'' and is tempted to add ``-C'' as well. His ZIPINFO
|
|
variable is set to ``-z''.
|
|
|
|
DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by
|
|
PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:
|
|
|
|
0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.
|
|
|
|
1 one or more warning errors were encountered, but process-
|
|
ing completed successfully anyway. This includes zip-
|
|
files where one or more files was skipped due to unsup-
|
|
ported compression method or encryption with an unknown
|
|
password.
|
|
|
|
2 a generic error in the zipfile format was detected. Pro-
|
|
cessing may have completed successfully anyway; some bro-
|
|
ken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-
|
|
arounds.
|
|
|
|
3 a severe error in the zipfile format was detected. Pro-
|
|
cessing probably failed immediately.
|
|
|
|
4 unzip was unable to allocate memory for one or more
|
|
buffers during program initialization.
|
|
|
|
5 unzip was unable to allocate memory or unable to obtain a
|
|
tty to read the decryption password(s).
|
|
|
|
6 unzip was unable to allocate memory during decompression
|
|
to disk.
|
|
|
|
7 unzip was unable to allocate memory during in-memory
|
|
decompression.
|
|
|
|
8 [currently not used]
|
|
|
|
9 the specified zipfiles were not found.
|
|
|
|
10 invalid options were specified on the command line.
|
|
|
|
11 no matching files were found.
|
|
|
|
50 the disk is (or was) full during extraction.
|
|
|
|
51 the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.
|
|
|
|
80 the user aborted unzip prematurely with control-C (or
|
|
similar)
|
|
|
|
81 testing or extraction of one or more files failed due to
|
|
unsupported compression methods or unsupported decryp-
|
|
tion.
|
|
|
|
82 no files were found due to bad decryption password(s).
|
|
(If even one file is successfully processed, however, the
|
|
exit status is 1.)
|
|
|
|
VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-
|
|
looking things, so unzip instead maps them into VMS-style status codes.
|
|
The current mapping is as follows: 1 (success) for normal exit,
|
|
0x7fff0001 for warning errors, and (0x7fff000? + 16*nor-
|
|
mal_unzip_exit_status) for all other errors, where the `?' is 2 (error)
|
|
for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the remain-
|
|
ing ones (3-8, 50, 51). In addition, there is a compilation option to
|
|
expand upon this behavior: defining RETURN_CODES results in a human-
|
|
readable explanation of what the error status means.
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in conjunction with
|
|
zip. (All parts must be concatenated together in order, and then ``zip
|
|
-F'' (for zip 2.x) or ``zip -FF'' (for zip 3.x) must be performed on
|
|
the concatenated archive in order to ``fix'' it. Also, zip 3.0 and
|
|
later can combine multi-part (split) archives into a combined single-
|
|
file archive using ``zip -s- inarchive -O outarchive''. See the zip 3
|
|
manual page for more information.) This will definitely be corrected
|
|
in the next major release.
|
|
|
|
Archives read from standard input are not yet supported, except with
|
|
funzip (and then only the first member of the archive can be
|
|
extracted).
|
|
|
|
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with accented
|
|
European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other
|
|
archivers. See the discussion in DECRYPTION above.
|
|
|
|
unzip's -M (``more'') option tries to take into account automatic wrap-
|
|
ping of long lines. However, the code may fail to detect the correct
|
|
wrapping locations. First, TAB characters (and similar control
|
|
sequences) are not taken into account, they are handled as ordinary
|
|
printable characters. Second, depending on the actual system / OS
|
|
port, unzip may not detect the true screen geometry but rather rely on
|
|
"commonly used" default dimensions. The correct handling of tabs would
|
|
require the implementation of a query for the actual tabulator setup on
|
|
the output console.
|
|
|
|
Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not restored
|
|
except under Unix. (On Windows NT and successors, timestamps are now
|
|
restored.)
|
|
|
|
[MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive on a defec-
|
|
tive floppy diskette, if the ``Fail'' option is chosen from DOS's
|
|
``Abort, Retry, Fail?'' message, older versions of unzip may hang the
|
|
system, requiring a reboot. This problem appears to be fixed, but con-
|
|
trol-C (or control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.
|
|
|
|
Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad CRC,
|
|
not always reproducible). This was apparently due either to a hardware
|
|
bug (cache memory) or an operating system bug (improper handling of
|
|
page faults?). Since Ultrix has been abandoned in favor of Digital
|
|
Unix (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.
|
|
|
|
[Unix] Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block
|
|
devices and character devices are not restored even if they are somehow
|
|
represented in the zipfile, nor are hard-linked files relinked. Basi-
|
|
cally the only file types restored by unzip are regular files, directo-
|
|
ries and symbolic (soft) links.
|
|
|
|
[OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated if
|
|
the -o (``overwrite all'') option is given. This is a limitation of
|
|
the operating system; because directories only have a creation time
|
|
associated with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the stored
|
|
attributes are newer or older than those on disk. In practice this may
|
|
mean a two-pass approach is required: first unpack the archive nor-
|
|
mally (with or without freshening/updating existing files), then
|
|
overwrite just the directory entries (e.g., ``unzip -o foo */'').
|
|
|
|
[VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo] syntax is
|
|
accepted for the -d option; the simple Unix foo syntax is silently
|
|
ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir syntax).
|
|
|
|
[VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query only
|
|
allows skipping, overwriting or renaming; there should additionally be
|
|
a choice for creating a new version of the file. In fact, the ``over-
|
|
write'' choice does create a new version; the old version is not over-
|
|
written or deleted.
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
funzip(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipgrep(1L), zipinfo(1L), zip-
|
|
note(1L), zipsplit(1L)
|
|
|
|
URL
|
|
The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
|
|
http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
|
|
or
|
|
ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
|
|
|
|
AUTHORS
|
|
The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-
|
|
Bugs workgroup) are: Ed Gordon (Zip, general maintenance, shared code,
|
|
Zip64, Win32, Unix, Unicode); Christian Spieler (UnZip maintenance
|
|
coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip and UnZip
|
|
integration and optimization); Onno van der Linden (Zip); Mike White
|
|
(Win32, Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel (OS/2, Win32);
|
|
Steven M. Schweda (VMS, Unix, support of new features); Paul Kienitz
|
|
(Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris Herborth (BeOS, QNX, Atari); Jonathan
|
|
Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari,
|
|
MVS); John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS, Info-ZIP Site
|
|
maintenance); Steve Salisbury (Win32); Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI),
|
|
Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith (Tandem NSK).
|
|
|
|
The following people were former members of the Info-ZIP development
|
|
group and provided major contributions to key parts of the current
|
|
code: Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip, unshrink decompression); Jean-
|
|
loup Gailly (deflate compression); Mark Adler (inflate decompression,
|
|
fUnZip).
|
|
|
|
The author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's was based
|
|
is Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mascott did the first Unix port; and David P.
|
|
Kirschbaum organized and led Info-ZIP in its early days with Keith
|
|
Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20. The full
|
|
list of contributors to UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to
|
|
the CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribution for a relatively
|
|
complete version.
|
|
|
|
VERSIONS
|
|
v1.2 15 Mar 89 Samuel H. Smith
|
|
v2.0 9 Sep 89 Samuel H. Smith
|
|
v2.x fall 1989 many Usenet contributors
|
|
v3.0 1 May 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
|
|
v3.1 15 Aug 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
|
|
v4.0 1 Dec 90 Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
|
|
v4.1 12 May 91 Info-ZIP
|
|
v4.2 20 Mar 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.0 21 Aug 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.01 15 Jan 93 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.1 7 Feb 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.11 2 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.12 28 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.2 30 Apr 96 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.3 22 Apr 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.31 31 May 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.32 3 Nov 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
|
|
v5.4 28 Nov 98 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v5.41 16 Apr 00 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v5.42 14 Jan 01 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v5.5 17 Feb 02 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v5.51 22 May 04 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v5.52 28 Feb 05 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
v6.0 20 Apr 09 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
|
|
|
|
Info-ZIP 20 April 2009 (v6.0) UNZIP(1L)
|