kolibrios/data/rus/docs/INSTALL.TXT
Kirill Lipatov (Leency) a5a471e9ed INSTALL.TXT: add a note about manual bootloader install according to passerby2012 notice
git-svn-id: svn://kolibrios.org@9678 a494cfbc-eb01-0410-851d-a64ba20cac60
2022-01-31 22:42:33 +00:00

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Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¥ á¨á⥬­ë¥ âॡ®¢ ­¨ï Š®«¨¡à¨Ž‘:
* CPU 5x86: Pentium I, AMD ¨«¨ Cyrix ¡¥§ MMX á ç áâ®â®© 90 MHz
* RAM: 8 Mb
* ‚¨¤¥®ª àâ : ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îé ï VGA (०¨¬ 640*480*16) ¨«¨ VESA
* Š« ¢¨ âãà : AT
* Œëèì: COM, PS/2 ¨«¨ USB
‘¨á⥬  ¬®¦¥â § £à㦠âìáï á «î¡®£® ¨§ á«¥¤ãîé¨å ãáâனáâ¢:
- Floppy 3.5
- CD/DVD
- USB Flash
- HDD LBA
- àãç­ ï ãáâ ­®¢ª  § £àã§ç¨ª 
I. “áâ ­®¢ª  ­  ¤¨áª¥âã.
1) ‚áâ ¢ì⥠ç¨áâãî ¤¨áª¥âã ¡¥§ á¡®©­ëå ᥪâ®à®¢ ¢ ¤¨áª®¢®¤.
2) ‡ ¯¨è¨â¥ ­  ­¥ñ ®¡à § kolibri.img «î¡ë¬ ¨§ ¤®áâ㯭ëå ᯮᮡ®¢:
 ) (¥á«¨ ‚ë 㦥 § £à㧨«¨ ª ª¨¬-«¨¡® ®¡à §®¬ Š®«¨¡à¨) § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ¯à®£à ¬¬ã
rdsave ¨ ¢ë¡¥à¨â¥ ᮮ⢥âáâ¢ãî騩 ¤¨áª¥â¥ ¨§ ¯à¥¤« £ ¥¬ëå ¢ à¨ ­â®¢
¡) (¤«ï DOS ¨ Windows) § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ¯à¨« £ ¥¬ë© install.bat
¢) ¯à®£à ¬¬®© WinImage ¨«¨ ¥ñ  ­ «®£ ¬¨ (­ ¯à¨¬¥à, DiskExplorer)
£) (¤«ï Linux) ¢ëáâ ¢ì⥠ âਡãâ "¨á¯®«­ï¥¬ë©" ¯à¨« £ ¥¬®¬ã áªà¨¯âã
install.sh ¨ § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ¥£®
’¥¯¥àì á ¤¨áª¥âë ¬®¦­® § £à㦠âìáï (®áâ ¢¨¢ ¥ñ ¢ ¤¨áª®¢®¤¥, ¯¥à¥§ £à㧨â¥áì,
ãáâ ­®¢¨¢ ¢ BIOS'¥ ®¯æ¨î § £à㧪¨ á ¤¨áª¥âë).
II. “áâ ­®¢ª  ­  USB-Flash-­ ª®¯¨â¥«ì.
ISO ®¡à § ¬®¦­® § ¯¨á âì ã⨫¨â®© Rufus https://rufus.ie
<EFBFBD>® ¢á¥ ¦¥ ४®¬¥­¤ã¥âáï ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ âì ᯥ樠«ì­ë© ãáâ ­®¢é¨ª ¤«ï FAT32-⮬®¢
¨§ ª â «®£  HD_load\USB_Boot.
„«ï ®á®¡ëå ¦¥ á«ãç ¥¢ ¥áâì áâ âìï, à §¬¥éñ­­ ï ¢ ª â «®£¥ HD_load\USB_Boot_old.
III. “áâ ­®¢ª  ­  CD ¨ DVD.
…áâì ᯥ樠«ì­ ï ¢¥àá¨ï Kolibri ¤«ï LiveCD, ¢ ª®â®àãî ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®©
¯®áâ ¢ª¨ ¢å®¤ïâ "âï¦ñ«ë¥" (¯® áâ ­¤ àâ ¬ Š®«¨¡à¨) ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.
‚ë â ª¦¥ ¬®¦¥â¥ ᮧ¤ âì § £à㧮ç­ë© CD ¨«¨ DVD ­  ¡ §¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­®© ¯®áâ ¢ª¨
(¯à¨ ¦¥« ­¨¨ ¤®¡ ¢¨¢ ¢áñ, ç⮠㣮¤­®) ¢ ०¨¬¥ í¬ã«ï樨 § £à㧪¨ á
¤¨áª¥âë. <20>¥®¡å®¤¨¬ë¥ ¤«ï í⮣® ¤¥©áâ¢¨ï ®¯à¥¤¥«ïîâáï ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬®© ¢ ¬¨
¯à®£à ¬¬®© § ¯¨á¨ CD/DVD
(®à¨¥­â¨àã©â¥áì ­  á«®¢  "í¬ã«ïæ¨ï § £à㧪¨ á ¤¨áª¥âë").
IV. “áâ ­®¢ª  ­  ¦ñá⪨© ¤¨áª.
‘ãé¥áâ¢ãîâ ­¥áª®«ìª® § £àã§ç¨ª®¢ á ¦ñá⪮£® ¤¨áª . ‚ᥠ®­¨ à ááç¨â ­ë ­ 
¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«¥© DOS ¨ Windows. ’ ª¦¥ ¥áâì ¢®§¬®¦­®áâì ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ âì áâ ­¤ àâ­ãî
Linux-§ £à㧪ã á GRUB. ‚ᥠí⨠¬¥â®¤ë à ¡®â îâ á ä ©«®¬ kolibri.img. …᫨
áâ à ï ¢¥àá¨ï Kolibri 㦥 ãáâ ­®¢«¥­  á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ ª ª®£®-«¨¡® ¨§ íâ¨å
§ £àã§ç¨ª®¢, ¯à®áâ® § ¬¥­¨â¥ kolibri.img ­  ­®¢ë©. …᫨ ‚ë § £à㧨«¨áì á
LiveCD, ­  ª®â®à®¬ ­¥â ä ©«  kolibri.img ª ª â ª®¢®£®, Š®«¨¡à¨ ¬®¦¥â ᮧ¤ âì
¥£® á ¬®áâ®ï⥫쭮, ¤«ï í⮣® § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ¯à®£à ¬¬ã rdsave, ¢¢¥¤¨â¥ ¨¬ï ä ©« 
¤«ï á®åà ­¥­¨ï ¨ ¢ë¡¥à¨â¥ ᮮ⢥âáâ¢ãî騩 ¢ à¨ ­â. <20> §ã¬¥¥âáï, ¯à¨ ᮧ¤ ­¨¨
®¡à §  ¨§-¯®¤ Š®«¨¡à¨ á¨á⥬  ¤®«¦­  㬥âì ¯¨á âì ­  ä ©«®¢ãî á¨á⥬ã à §¤¥« .
1) <20>®«ìè¥ ¢á¥£® ¢®§¬®¦­®á⥩ ã § £àã§ç¨ª  mtldr ( ¢â®à - Diamond) - à ¡®â  ¯®¤
DOS/Win95/98/NT/2k/XP/Vista, ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  FAT32 ¨ NTFS, ­ «¨ç¨¥ ¨­áâ ««ïâ®à ,
ãáâ ­®¢ª  ¢ ¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ãî ¯ ¯ªã ­  ¤¨áª¥.
„«ï ãáâ ­®¢ª¨ ¯à®áâ® § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ä ©« HD_load\mtldr_install.exe ¨ 㪠¦¨â¥
ä ©« ®¡à § . Šáâ â¨ £®¢®àï, â ª¨¬ ᯮᮡ®¬ ¬®¦­® ãáâ ­®¢¨âì ­¥áª®«ìª®
®¡à §®¢. …áâì â ª¦¥ ¢ à¨ ­â ãáâ ­®¢ª¨ ¢àãç­ãî - ¤«ï â¥å, ªâ® å®ç¥â
â®ç­® §­ âì, çâ® ¯à®¨á室¨â ¯à¨ ãáâ ­®¢ª¥: ¨­áâàãªæ¨¨ ¢ HD_load\mtldr
2) ’ ª¦¥ áãé¥áâ¢ã¥â § £àã§ç¨ª MeOSLoad ( ¢â®à - Trans, ¤®à ¡®â « Mario79) -
à ¡®â  ¯®¤ DOS/Win95/98, ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  FAT32,
­ å®¤ï騩áï ¢¬¥áâ¥ á ¨­áâàãªæ¨¥© ¢ ¯ ¯ª¥ HD_load\MeOSLoad.
3) Šà®¬¥ ⮣®, ¥áâì ¯à®£à ¬¬ , ¯®§¢®«ïîé ï § £à㦠âì Kolibri ­¥¯®á।á⢥­­®
¨§ Windows 95/98/Me (¥áâ¥á⢥­­®, ¢ë£àã¦ ï ¯®á«¥¤­îî) - íâ® 9x2klbr
( ¢â®à - Diamond), ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  FAT32 ¨ NTFS.
4) …᫨ ã ¢ á ãáâ ­®¢«¥­ Linux, ¬®¦­® ­ áâநâì § £à㧪ã ç¥à¥§ GRUB.
Š ¤¨áâਡã⨢㠯ਫ £ ¥âáï ä ©« 'memdisk', ¯®¬¥áâ¨â¥ ¥£® ¢ ª â «®£ 'boot'
¨«¨ ¢ à §¤¥«, ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ë© ¤«ï Kolibri.
a) „«ï GRUB2, ¢ ¯ ¯ª¥ /etc/grub.d ¤®¡ ¢ì⥠¢ ®¤¨­ ¨§ ä ©«®¢ § ¯¨áì:
menuentry 'KolibriOS' {
linux16 (hd[<5B>®¬¥à ¦ñá⪮£® ¤¨áª ],[­®¬¥à à §¤¥« ])[¯ãâì ª ä ©«ã]/memdisk
initrd16 (hd[<5B>®¬¥à ¦ñá⪮£® ¤¨áª ],[­®¬¥à à §¤¥« ])[¯ãâì ª ä ©«ã]/kolibri.img
}
¯à¨¬¥à:
menuentry 'KolibriOS' {
linux16 (hd0,msdos1)/boot/memdisk
initrd16 (hd0,msdos1)/boot/kolibri.img
}
¯®á«¥ 祣® ¢ â¥à¬¨­ «¥ ¢ë¯®«­¨â¥ ª®¬ ­¤ã sudo update-grub.
¡) „«ï áâ à®£® GRUB, ¤®¡ ¢ì⥠¢ ä ©« ª®­ä¨£ãà æ¨¨ 'menu.lst' § ¯¨áì:
title KolibriOS
kernel (hd[<5B>®¬¥à ¦ñá⪮£® ¤¨áª ],[­®¬¥à à §¤¥« ])[¯ãâì ª ä ©«ã]/memdisk
initrd (hd[<5B>®¬¥à ¦ñá⪮£® ¤¨áª ],[­®¬¥à à §¤¥« ])[¯ãâì ª ä ©«ã]/kolibri.img
<20>¥ § ¡ã¤ìâ¥, çâ® ­ã¬¥à æ¨ï ¢ GRUB ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á 0. <20>ਬ¥à:
title KolibriOS
kernel (hd0,0)/boot/memdisk
initrd (hd0,3)/kolibri/kolibri.img
=================================================================================
<EFBFBD>ãç­ ï ãáâ ­®¢ª  § £àã§ç¨ª  ®áãé¥á⢫ï¥âáï á«¥¤ãî騬 ¯à®áâë¬ á¯®á®¡®¬:
˜ £ 1. ‘ª®¯¨àã©â¥ ä ©«ë mtldr ¨ kolibri.img ¢ C:\
(<28>¥ ­à ¢¨âáï C:\? <20>à®ç¨â ©â¥ § ¬¥ç ­¨ï ­¨¦¥.)
˜ £ 2 ) „«ï ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«¥© NT-ᥬ¥©á⢠ ¤® Vista (NT/2k/XP/2003 Server (?)):
¤®¡ ¢ì⥠¢ boot.ini ¢ à §¤¥« [operating systems] áâபã
c:\mtldr="KolibriOS"
(«¨¡® ®âªàë¢ «î¡ë¬ ⥪áâ®¢ë¬ à¥¤ ªâ®à®¬ c:\boot.ini,
«¨¡® ç¥à¥§ Control Panel -> System -> Advanced -> Startup and Recovery
-> Edit). <20> §¢ ­¨¥ ¢ ª ¢ëçª å ¬®¦¥â¥ § ¬¥­¨âì ­  ¢áñ, çâ® ¢ ¬ ­à ¢¨âáï,
¯®¤ í⨬ ­ §¢ ­¨¥¬ á¨á⥬  ¡ã¤¥â ¯®ï¢«ïâìáï ¢ ᯨ᪥ § £à㧪¨.
’¥¯¥àì ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥ ¡ã¤¥â ¢ë¤ ¢ âìáï íªà ­ ¢ë¡®à  ®¯¥à æ¨®­­®© á¨á⥬ë.
˜ £ 2¡) „«ï ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«¥© 9x-ᥬ¥©á⢠ (95/98)
(  ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì, íâ® ¡ã¤¥â à ¡®â âì ¨ ¤«ï ­¥ª®â®àëå DOS):
¤®¡ ¢ì⥠¢ config.sys áâபã
install=c:\mtldr
¯¥à¢®© áâப®©, ¥á«¨ ã ¢ á ¯à®á⮩ «¨­¥©­ë© config.sys,
¯¥à¢®© áâப®© ¢ ᮮ⢥âáâ¢ãî饩 ᥪ樨, ¥á«¨ config.sys
à §¡¨â ­  ᥪ樨 (¨ ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á [menu])
’¥¯¥àì ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥ mtldr ¡ã¤¥â á¯à è¨¢ âì: "Load KolibriOS? [y/n]: " ¨ ®¦¨¤ âì
­ ¦ â¨ï ®¤­®£® ¨§ 'y','Y','n','N'.
„«ï Windows Millenium íâ® ­¥ à ¡®â ¥â, â.ª. Me'è­ë© § £àã§ç¨ª ­¥
§ £à㦠¥â ¢­¥è­¥£® ª®¤  ¨§ config.sys. (‘¯ á¨¡® camper'ã §  㪠§ ­¨¥
­  íâ®â ¯à¨áª®à¡­ë© ä ªâ.) ˆá¯®«ì§ã©â¥ 9x2klbr.
˜ £ 2¢) „«ï ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«¥© Vista:
®âªà®©â¥ ª®¬ ­¤­ãî áâபã á  ¤¬¨­¨áâà â®à᪨¬¨ ¯à¨¢¨«¥£¨ï¬¨
(¯ã­ªâ "Run as administrator" ¢ ª®­â¥ªáâ­®¬ ¬¥­î);
¥á«¨ ¢ë ­¥ ¯« ­¨àã¥â¥ ãáâ ­®¢ª¨ ­¥áª®«ìª¨å ¢ à¨ ­â®¢ Š®«¨¡à¨
ª ª ®¯¨á ­® ¢ § ¬¥ç ­¨ïå, ¯à®áâ® § ¯ãáâ¨â¥ ¯à¨« £ ¥¬ë© vista_install.bat;
¨­ ç¥ ¢ë¯®«­¨â¥ á«¥¤ãî騥 ª®¬ ­¤ë:
bcdedit /create /d "KolibriOS" /application BOOTSECTOR
(<28> §¢ ­¨¥ ¢ ª ¢ëçª å ¬®¦¥â¥ § ¬¥­¨âì ­  ¢áñ, çâ® ¢ ¬ ­à ¢¨âáï,
¯®¤ í⨬ ­ §¢ ­¨¥¬ á¨á⥬  ¡ã¤¥â ¯®ï¢«ïâìáï ¢ ᯨ᪥ § £à㧪¨.)
„®«¦­® ¯®ï¢¨âìáï á®®¡é¥­¨¥ ⨯ 
"‡ ¯¨áì {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} ãᯥ譮 ᮧ¤ ­ ."
„ «¥¥ ¢ ª®¬ ­¤ å ¯®¤áâ ¢«ï©â¥ ¯®«ã祭­®¥ §­ ç¥­¨¥ (®­®, ¢®®¡é¥ £®¢®àï,
à §­®¥ ­  à §­ëå ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à å).
bcdedit /set {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} DEVICE PARTITION=C:
bcdedit /set {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} PATH \mtldr
bcdedit /displayorder {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} /addlast
“¤ «¥­¨¥ ¢ á«ãç ïå 2 ) ¨ 2¡) ®áãé¥á⢫ï¥âáï 㤠«¥­¨¥¬ ¢¢¥¤ñ­­ëå ¤ ­­ëå ¢
boot.ini ¨ config.sys ᮮ⢥âá⢥­­®. “¤ «¥­¨¥ ¢ á«ãç ¥ 2¢) ¤¥« ¥âáï â ª:
vista_remove.bat, ¥á«¨ ãáâ ­®¢ª  ¡ë«  ç¥à¥§ vista_install.bat;
bcdedit /delete {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} ¢ ®¡é¥¬ á«ãç ¥
…᫨ ¢ë ­¥ ¯®¬­¨â¥ ­ §­ ç¥­­ë© ¯à¨ ãáâ ­®¢ª¥ GUID (íâ® ­®à¬ «ì­®¥ ¥­¨¥),
⮠㧭 âì ¥£® ¬®¦­®, ¢ë¯®«­¨¢ ª®¬ ­¤ã bcdedit ¡¥§  à£ã¬¥­â®¢ ¨ ­ ©¤ï
¢ ¢ë¢¥¤¥­­®¬ ᯨ᪥ ᮮ⢥âáâ¢ãî騩 í«¥¬¥­â.
‚® ¢á¥å á«ãç ïå ¢ íªà ­¥ ¢ë¡®à  ¯ à ¬¥â஢ KolibriOS ¬®¦­® ­  ¢®¯à®á,
®âªã¤  £à㧨âì ®¡à § (¯ã­ªâ d, "®¡à § ¤¨áª¥âë"),
®â¢¥ç âì "3" (¨á¯®«ì§®¢ âì 㦥 § £à㦥­­ë© ®¡à §).
‡ ¬¥ç ­¨ï:
1. <20>®ª  çâ® ¢áñ íâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ä ©«®¢ëå á¨á⥬ NTFS ¨ FAT32.
2. ‘ ¬ § £àã§ç¨ª mtldr ­¥®¡ï§ â¥«ì­® ¯®¬¥é âì ¢ C:\. <20>®¤ 9x ¨ Vista ®­ ¬®¦¥â
à §¬¥é âìáï £¤¥ 㣮¤­®, ¢ NT/2k/XP - ­  ¤¨áª¥ C:, ­® ­¥®¡ï§ â¥«ì­®
¢ ª®à­¥¢®© ¯ ¯ª¥. (<28> §ã¬¥¥âáï, ¯à¨ ãáâ ­®¢ª¥ ­ã¦­® 㪠§ë¢ âì ¢¬¥áâ®
c:\mtldr ॠ«ì­ë© ¯ãâì ¨ ॠ«ì­®¥ ¨¬ï ä ©« .)
3. Ž¡à § kolibri.img ⮦¥ ­¥®¡ï§ â¥«ì­® ¯®¬¥é âì ¢ C:\. Œ®¦­® ¡¥§ ¢á直å
¨§¬¥­¥­¨© ¢ ãáâ ­®¢ª¥ ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ âì ª®à­¥¢ãî ¯ ¯ªã «î¡®£® «®£¨ç¥áª®£® ¤¨áª ,
à §¬¥é î饣®áï ­  ¯¥à¢®¬ 䨧¨ç¥áª®¬.
4. …᫨ å®ç¥âáï ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ âì «®£¨ç¥áª¨© ¤¨áª ­  ¤à㣮¬ 䨧¨ç¥áª®¬ ¤¨áª¥?
‘£®¤¨âáï «î¡®© ¨§ á«¥¤ãîé¨å ¢ à¨ ­â®¢:
a) (…᫨ ¢ë 㬥¥â¥ à ¡®â âì á FASM'®¬) ¨á室­¨ª å (ª®â®àë¥ ¬®¦­® ᪠ç âì
­  http://diamondz.land.ru, â ¬ ¦¥, £¤¥ ¨ á ¬ § £àã§ç¨ª) ¯®¬¥­ï©â¥
ª®­áâ ­âã boot_drive (¢ ª®­æ¥ mtldr.asm) á 80h ­  ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à ¤¨áª ,
80h ᮮ⢥âáâ¢ã¥â ¯¥à¢®¬ã, 81h - ¢â®à®¬ã ¨ â.¤. <20>¥à¥ª®¬¯¨«¨àã©â¥.
¡) (…᫨ ¢ë 㬥¥â¥ à ¡®â âì á hex-। ªâ®à®¬) <20>®¬¥­ï©â¥ ¡ ©â ¯® ᬥ饭¨î 0xD98
á 80h ­  ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à ¤¨áª  (ª ª ¢ ¯ã­ªâ¥  ).
¢) ˆá¯®«ì§ã©â¥ ãáâ ­®¢é¨ª mtldr_install (᪠ç âì ¥£® ¬®¦­® â ¬ ¦¥).
Ž­ ­ áâந⠧ £àã§ç¨ª ¨ á ¬ ¦¥ ¥£® ¨ ãáâ ­®¢¨â.
5. …᫨ 祬-â® ­¥ ­à ¢¨âáï ª®à­¥¢ ï ¯ ¯ª ? ’ãâ ¯®ï¢«ïîâáï ¤¢  ¢ à¨ ­â :
 ) ¨á室­¨ª å ¯®¬¥­ï©â¥ áâபã kolibri_img_name (¢ ª®­æ¥ mtldr.asm)
­  ¯ãâì ª ä ©«ã. <20> ¯à¨¬¥à, ¤«ï C:\Program Files\kolibri\kolibri.img § ¯¨è¨â¥
'progra~1\kolibri\kolibri.img' (¯à¨ í⮬ ­ã¦­ë ¨¬¥­  8.3). <20>¥à¥ª®¬¯¨«¨àã©â¥.
¡) ˆá¯®«ì§ã©â¥ ãáâ ­®¢é¨ª mtldr_install.
6. …᫨ ¢®á¯®«ì§®¢ âìáï ४®¬¥­¤ æ¨ï¬¨ ¯ã­ªâ®¢ 2 ¨ 5 ¨ ¯®¢â®à¨âì ãáâ ­®¢ªã
­¥áª®«ìª® à § ¤«ï à §­ëå à á¯®«®¦¥­¨© á¢ï§ª¨ mtldr+kolibri.img,
¬®¦­® ¯®«ãç¨âì ¢ § £à㧮筮¬ ¬¥­î ­¥áª®«ìª® ¢å®¤®¢ ¤«ï à §­ëå ¢¥àᨩ
Š®«¨¡à¨ (¨«¨ ¤«ï ¢¥àᨩ á à §­ë¬¨ ­ áâனª ¬¨).