forked from KolibriOS/kolibrios
docs: Update INSTALL.TXT to mention UEFI mode
git-svn-id: svn://kolibrios.org@9002 a494cfbc-eb01-0410-851d-a64ba20cac60
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System requirements
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-------------------
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Minimal system requirements for KolibriOS:
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* CPU: Pentium, AMD 5x86 or Cyrix 5x86 without MMX with frequency 100 MHz
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* RAM: 8 Mb
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* Videocard: supporting VGA (640*480*16 mode) or Vesa
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* RAM: 8 MB
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* Videocard: supporting VGA (640x480x16 mode) or Vesa
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* Keyboard: AT
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* Mouse: COM, PS/2 or USB
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The system can boot from any of following devices:
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* BIOS mode
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- Floppy 3.5
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- IDE HDD LBA
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- CD/DVD
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- USB Flash
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* UEFI mode
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- HDD
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- USB Flash
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I. Install to floppy.
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1) Insert clean floppy without bad sectors to drive.
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2) Write to it kolibri.img image with any available methods:
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a) (if you have already loaded Kolibri by any method) run the program
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rdsave and select the variant corresponding to floppy
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b) (for DOS and Windows) run subjoined install.bat
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c) with program WinImage or its analogue (e.g. DiskExplorer)
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d) (for Linux) set "executable" attribute to subjoined script install.sh
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and run it
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Now you can boot from floppy (keep it in drive, reboot, set in BIOS option
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of floppy booting).
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II. Install to hard disk.
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There exists several loaders from hard disk. All are oriented on DOS and
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Windows users. Also standard Linux-loader GRUB can be used. All methods work
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with file kolibri.img. If you already have old version of Kolibri installed,
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simply replace kolibri.img to new. If you have booted from LiveCD, which
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does not contain the file kolibri.img, Kolibri can create it independently,
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to do this, run the program rdsave, enter the file name for saving and select
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the corresponding variant. Of course, in this case Kolibri must be able to
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write to file system of selected partitions, currently this means that
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only FAT volumes are ok.
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1) Most of all features has the loader mtldr (author - Diamond) - works with
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DOS/Win95/98/NT/2k/XP/Vista, supports FAT32 and NTFS, has installator, can
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be installed to any folder on disk.
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Installation: BIOS mode
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-----------------------
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### Install to floppy
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* Insert clean floppy without bad sectors to drive.
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* Write to it `kolibri.img` image with any available methods:
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* (if you have already loaded KolibriOS by any method) run the program
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`rdsave` and select the variant corresponding to floppy;
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* (for DOS and Windows) run subjoined install.bat;
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* with program WinImage or its analogue (e.g. DiskExplorer);
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* (for Linux) set "executable" attribute to subjoined script install.sh
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and run it.
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Now you can boot from floppy (keep it in drive, reboot, set in BIOS option of
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floppy booting).
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### Install to hard disk
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There exist several loaders from hard disk. All are oriented on DOS and Windows
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users. Also standard Linux-loader GRUB can be used. All methods work with file
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`kolibri.img`. If you already have old version of KolibriOS installed, simply
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replace `kolibri.img` to the new one. If you have booted from LiveCD, which does
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not contain the file `kolibri.img`, KolibriOS can create it independently. To do
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this, run the program `rdsave`, enter the file name for saving and select the
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corresponding variant. Of course, in this case KolibriOS must be able to write
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to file system of selected partitions. Currently this means that only FAT and
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EXT2 volumes are ok.
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* Most of all features has the loader mtldr (author - Diamond) - works with
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DOS/Win95/98/NT/2k/XP/Vista, supports FAT32 and NTFS, has installer, can be
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installed to any folder on disk.
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To install, simply run file HD_load\mtldr_install.exe and select image file.
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Apropos, by this way you can install several images. There is also
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variant of install by hand - for those who want to know what installator
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does: directions in HD_load\mtldr
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2) There is also the loader MeOSLoad (author - Trans, expanded by Mario79) -
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works with DOS/Win95/98, supports FAT32, it is placed with the instruction
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to the folder HD_load\MeOSLoad.
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3) Moreover, there exist a program which allow load Kolibri directly from
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Windows 95/98/Me (of course, unloading it) - 9x2klbr (author - Diamond),
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supports FAT32 and NTFS.
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4) Usage of the loader GRUB. Place the file 'memdisk' to the folder 'boot'
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or to the partition used for Kolibri.
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a) For GRUB2, in the folder /etc/grub.d add to one of files next lines:
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Apropos, by this way you can install several images. There is also variant of
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install by hand - for those who want to know what installer does: directions
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in `HD_load\mtldr`.
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* There is also the loader MeOSLoad (author - Trans, expanded by Mario79) -
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works with DOS/Win95/98, supports FAT32. It is placed with the instruction
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to the folder `HD_load\MeOSLoad`.
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* Moreover, there exists a program which allows to load KolibriOS directly from
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Windows 95/98/Me (of course, unloading it) - `9x2klbr` (author - Diamond),
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supports FAT32 and NTFS.
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* Usage of the loader GRUB. Place the file `memdisk` to the folder `boot`
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or to the partition used for KolibriOS.
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a) For GRUB2, in the folder `/etc/grub.d` add to one of files next lines:
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```
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menuentry 'KolibriOS' {
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linux16 (hd[Hard disk number],[partition number])[path]/memdisk
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initrd16 (hd[Hard disk number],[partition number])[path]/kolibri.img
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}
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```
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example:
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```
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menuentry 'KolibriOS' {
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linux16 (hd0,msdos1)/boot/memdisk
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initrd16 (hd0,msdos1)/boot/kolibri.img
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}
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```
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then, run in terminal `sudo update-grub`.
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then, run in terminal 'sudo update-grub'.
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b) For old GRUB, add to the configuration file 'menu.lst' next lines:
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b) For old GRUB, add to the configuration file `menu.lst` next lines:
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```
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title KolibriOS
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kernel (hd[Hard disk number],[partition number])[path]/memdisk
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initrd (hd[Hard disk number],[partition number])[path]/kolibri.img
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```
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Remember that numeration in GRUB starts from 0. Example:
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```
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title KolibriOS
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kernel (hd0,0)/boot/memdisk
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initrd (hd0,3)/kolibri/kolibri.img
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```
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III. Install to USB-Flash-drive.
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The special loader for FAT32-volumes has been written, it and its installer
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to flash drive can be found in the folder HD_load\USB_Boot.
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For not-FAT32 drives you may use article placed in the folder
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HD_load\USB_Boot_old.
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IV. Install to CD and DVD.
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There exists special LiveCD-version of Kolibri, which contains
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in addition to standard things some "heavy" (in Kolibri standards) programs:
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the ported emulator DosBox, games "Fixed Rate Pig" and "sokoban".
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You can also create bootable CD or DVD on the base of kolibri.img, adding
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anything what you want, in the mode of floppy emulation.
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The appropriate actions are determined by used CD/DVD write program
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(focus on words such as "boot floppy emulation").
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### Install to USB flash drive
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The special loader for FAT32-volumes has been written. It and its installer to
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flash drive can be found in the directory `HD_load\USB_Boot`.
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For not-FAT32 drives you may use article placed in the directory
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`HD_load\USB_Boot_old`.
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### Install to CD and DVD
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There exists special LiveCD-version of KolibriOS, which contains in addition to
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standard things some 'heavy' (in KolibriOS standards) programs: the ported
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emulator DosBox, games 'Fixed Rate Pig' and 'sokoban'.
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You can also create bootable CD or DVD on the base of `kolibri.img`, adding
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anything what you want, in the mode of floppy emulation. The appropriate actions
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are determined by used CD/DVD write program (focus on words such as 'boot floppy
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emulation').
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Installation: UEFI mode
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-----------------------
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UEFI support is still in beta. Be ready to face issues and report them.
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### Install to hard disk
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* To boot KolibriOS from HDD these four files are needed:
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* `uefi4kos`: UEFI-specific loader for KolibriOS, shipped as `bootx64.efi` and
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`bootia32.efi` binaries. Choose one of these `boot*.efi` images to match the
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architecture of your machine's UEFI firmware. Use `bootx64.efi` if unsure.
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* `kolibri.img`: a RAM disk image.
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* `kolibri.krn`: KolibriOS kernel compiled without BIOS-related legacy stuff.
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* `kolibri.ini`: a configuration file. It is used to e.g. set screen
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resolution.
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* If you have any UEFI-aware OS installed on your HDD, then there already is a
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so called EFI system partition (ESP) on it. If your HDD is not partitioned
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yet, you have to first create a GUID partition table (GPT) on it and then
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create mentioned EFI system partition formatted as FAT32.
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* Make a directory `/efi/kolibrios` on the ESP.
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* Copy all the `kolibri.???` files mentioned above to that directory.
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* If KolibriOS is the only OS to be loaded from that HDD, make a directory
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`/efi/boot` and copy the chosen `boot*.efi` loader there.
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* If there is some other OS already installed on the HDD, put `boot*.efi` file
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to `/efi/kolibrios` directory and then setup the boot loader of the installed
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OS to boot KolibriOS.
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For example, for GRUB2 (nowadays also known as just GRUB, not GRUB1 or
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GRUB-legacy) follow these three steps:
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1. Append file `/etc/grub.d/42_custom` with a new menu entry.
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```
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menuentry "KolibriOS" {
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insmod part_gpt
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insmod fat
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insmod chain
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chainloader /EFI/kolibrios/bootx64.efi
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}
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```
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2. Locate GRUB config file in your system, namely `grub.cfg`. It might be in
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`/boot/grub/`.
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3. Update `grub.cfg` with a command like below.
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```
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sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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### Install to USB flash drive
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* If you prefer to keep all the data on the USB drive, follow the
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steps above for hard disks.
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* If, instead, you are okay to lose all the data on the USB drive, use
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`kolibri.raw` image. It is ready to be directly written to the flash drive.
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Linux users can write the image with standard utilities `cat` or `dd`.
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Windows users can use [Rawwrite32] or [Rufus].
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[Rawwrite32]: https://www.netbsd.org/~martin/rawrite32/
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[Rufus]: https://rufus.ie
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