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334 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
; Copyright (c) 2008-2009, diamond
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; All rights reserved.
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;
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; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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; modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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; * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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; * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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; documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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; * Neither the name of the <organization> nor the
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; names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
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; derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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;
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; THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Alexey Teplov aka <Lrz> ''AS IS'' AND ANY
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; EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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; WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
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; ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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; (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
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; SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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;*****************************************************************************
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×èòàé ìåæäó ñòðîê - òàì íèêîãäà íå áûâàåò îïå÷àòîê.
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Áóòñåêòîð äëÿ FAT32-òîìà íà íîñèòåëå ñ ðàçìåðîì ñåêòîðà 0x200 = 512 áàéò.
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=====================================================================
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Åñòü äâå âåðñèè â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî, ïîääåðæèâàåò ëè íîñèòåëü LBA,
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âûáîð îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ óñòàíîâêîé êîíñòàíòû use_lba â ïåðâîé ñòðîêå èñõîäíèêà.
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Òðåáîâàíèÿ äëÿ ðàáîòû:
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1) Ñàì áóòñåêòîð, ïåðâàÿ êîïèÿ FAT è âñå èñïîëüçóåìûå ôàéëû
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äîëæíû áûòü ÷èòàáåëüíû. (Åñëè äåëî ïðîèñõîäèò íà íîñèòåëå ñ ðàçáèåíèåì íà
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ðàçäåëû è çàãðóçî÷íûé êîä â MBR äîñòàòî÷íî óìíûé, òî ÷èòàáåëüíîñòè ðåçåðâíîé
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êîïèè áóòñåêòîðà (ñåêòîð íîìåð 6 íà òîìå) äîñòàòî÷íî âìåñòî ÷èòàáåëüíîñòè
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ñàìîãî áóòñåêòîðà).
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2) Ìèíèìàëüíûé ïðîöåññîð - 80386.
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3) Â ñèñòåìå äîëæíî áûòü êàê ìèíèìóì 584K ñâîáîäíîé áàçîâîé ïàìÿòè.
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=====================================================================
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Äîêóìåíòàöèÿ â òåìó (ññûëêè ïðîâåðÿëèñü íà âàëèäíîñòü 15.05.2008):
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îôèöèàëüíàÿ ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ FAT: http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/fatgen.mspx
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â ôîðìàòå PDF: http://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/misc/fatgen103.pdf
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ðóññêèé ïåðåâîä: http://wasm.ru/docs/11/fatgen103-rus.zip
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îôèöèàëüíàÿ ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ ðàñøèðåíèÿ EDD BIOS 3.0: http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/19FEBD17-DB40-413C-A0B1-1F3F560E222F/0/specsedd30.pdf
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òî æå, âåðñèÿ 1.1: http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/9BEDED98-6B3F-4DAC-BBB7-FA89FA5C30F0/0/specsedd11.pdf
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îïèñàíèå ôóíêöèé BIOS: Interrupt List by Ralf Brown: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ralf/files.html
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îôèöèàëüíàÿ ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ Boot BIOS: http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/56E38DE2-3E6F-4743-835F-B4A53726ABED/0/specsbbs101.pdf
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=====================================================================
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Ñõåìà èñïîëüçóåìîé ïàìÿòè:
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...-7C00 ñòåê
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7C00-7E00 êîä áóòñåêòîðà
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7E00-8200 âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé ôàéë çàãðóç÷èêà (kordldr.f32)
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8400-8C00 èíôîðìàöèÿ î êýøå äëÿ òàáëèöû FAT: 100h âõîäîâ ïî 8
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áàéò: 4 áàéòà (äâå ññûëêè - âïåð¸ä è íàçàä) äëÿ
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îðãàíèçàöèè L2-ñïèñêà âñåõ ïðî÷èòàííûõ ñåêòîðîâ â
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ïîðÿäêå âîçðàñòàíèÿ ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ
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+ 4 áàéòà äëÿ íîìåðà ñåêòîðà; ïðè ïåðåïîëíåíèè êýøà
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âûêèäûâàåòñÿ ýëåìåíò èç ãîëîâû ñïèñêà, òî åñòü òîò,
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ê êîòîðîìó äîëüøå âñåõ íå áûëî îáðàùåíèé
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60000-80000 êýø äëÿ òàáëèöû FAT (100h ñåêòîðîâ)
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80000-90000 òåêóùèé êëàñòåð òåêóùåé ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé ïàïêè
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90000-... êýø äëÿ ñîäåðæèìîãî ïàïîê (êàæäîé ïàïêå îòâîäèòñÿ
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2000h áàéò = 100h âõîäîâ, îäíîâðåìåííî â êýøå
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ìîæåò íàõîäèòüñÿ íå áîëåå 8 ïàïîê;
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òî÷íûé ðàçìåð îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàçìåðîì äîñòóïíîé
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ôèçè÷åñêîé ïàìÿòè - êàê ïðàâèëî, íåïîñðåäñòâåííî
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ïåðåä A0000 ðàçìåùàåòñÿ EBDA, Extended BIOS Data Area)
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=====================================================================
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Îñíîâíîé ïðîöåññ çàãðóçêè.
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Òî÷êà âõîäà (start): ïîëó÷àåò óïðàâëåíèå îò BIOS ïðè çàãðóçêå, ïðè ýòîì
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dl ñîäåðæèò èäåíòèôèêàòîð äèñêà, ñ êîòîðîãî èä¸ò çàãðóçêà
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1. Íàñòðàèâàåò ñòåê ss:sp = 0:7C00 (ñòåê ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïåðåä
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êîäîì), ñåãìåíò äàííûõ ds = 0, è óñòàíàâëèâàåò ss:bp íà íà÷àëî
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áóòñåêòîðà (â äàëüíåéøåì äàííûå áóäóò àäðåñîâàòüñÿ ÷åðåç [bp+N] -
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ýòî îñâîáîæäàåò ds è ýêîíîìèò íà ðàçìåðå êîäà). Ñîõðàíÿåò â ñòåêå
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èäåíòèôèêàòîð çàãðóçî÷íîãî äèñêà äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî îáðàùåíèÿ
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÷åðåç byte [bp-2].
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2. LBA-âåðñèÿ: ïðîâåðÿåò, ïîääåðæèâàåò ëè íîñèòåëü LBA, âûçîâîì ôóíêöèè 41h
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ïðåðûâàíèÿ 13h. Åñëè íåò, ïåðåõîäèò íà êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê ñ
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ñîîáùåíèåì îá îòñóòñòâèè LBA.
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CHS-âåðñèÿ: îïðåäåëÿåò ãåîìåòðèþ íîñèòåëÿ âûçîâîì ôóíêöèè 8 ïðåðûâàíèÿ 13h è
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çàïèñûâàåò ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ïîâåðõ BPB. Åñëè âûçîâ çàâåðøèëñÿ îøèáêîé,
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ïðåäïîëàãàåò óæå ñóùåñòâóþùèå äàííûå êîððåêòíûìè.
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3. Âû÷èñëÿåò íà÷àëî äàííûõ FAT-òîìà, ñîõðàíÿåò åãî â ñòåê äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî
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îáðàùåíèÿ ÷åðåç dword [bp-10].  ïðîöåññå âû÷èñëåíèÿ óçíà¸ò íà÷àëî
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ïåðâîé FAT, ñîõðàíÿåò è åãî â ñòåê äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî îáðàùåíèÿ ÷åðåç
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dword [bp-6].
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4. (Çàêàí÷èâàÿ òåìó ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêå) Ïîìåùàåò â ñòåê dword-çíà÷åíèå -1
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äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî îáðàùåíèÿ ÷åðåç dword [bp-14] - èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ
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ïåðåìåííîé, ñîäåðæàùåé òåêóùèé ñåêòîð, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â êýøå FAT
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(-1 íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ âàëèäíûì çíà÷åíèåì äëÿ íîìåðà ñåêòîðà FAT).
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5. Èùåò â êîðíåâîé ïàïêå ýëåìåíò kordldr.f32. Åñëè íå íàõîäèò - ïåðåõîäèò íà
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êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê ñ ñîîáùåíèåì î íåíàéäåííîì çàãðóç÷èêå.
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Çàìå÷àíèå: íà ýòîì ýòàïå çàãðóçêè èñêàòü ìîæíî òîëüêî â êîðíåâîé
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ïàïêå è òîëüêî èìåíà, çàäàííûå â ôîðìàòå ôàéëîâîé ñèñòåìå FAT
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(8+3 - 8 áàéò íà èìÿ, 3 áàéòà íà ðàñøèðåíèå, âñå áóêâû äîëæíû
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áûòü çàãëàâíûìè, ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè èìÿ è ðàñøèðåíèå äîïîëíÿþòñÿ
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ïðîáåëàìè, ðàçäåëÿþùåé òî÷êè íåò, çàâåðøàþùåãî íóëÿ íåò).
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6. Çàãðóæàåò ïåðâûé êëàñòåð ôàéëà kordldr.f32 ïî àäðåñó 0:7E00 è ïåðåäà¸ò
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åìó óïðàâëåíèå. Ïðè ýòîì â ðåãèñòðå eax îêàçûâàåòñÿ àáñîëþòíûé
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íîìåð ïåðâîãî ñåêòîðà kordldr.f32, à â cx - ÷èñëî ñ÷èòàííûõ ñåêòîðîâ
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(ðàâíîå ðàçìåðó êëàñòåðà).
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Âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå ïðîöåäóðû áóòñåêòîðà.
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Êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê (err):
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1. Âûâîäèò ñòðîêó ñ ñîîáùåíèåì îá îøèáêå.
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2. Âûâîäèò ñòðîêó "Press any key...".
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3. Æä¸ò íàæàòèÿ any key.
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4. Âûçûâàåò int 18h, äàâàÿ øàíñ BIOSó ïîïûòàòüñÿ çàãðóçèòüñÿ îòêóäà-íèáóäü åù¸.
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5. Äëÿ ïîäñòðàõîâêè çàöèêëèâàåòñÿ.
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Ïðîöåäóðà ÷òåíèÿ êëàñòåðà (read_cluster):
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íà âõîäå äîëæíî áûòü óñòàíîâëåíî:
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ss:bp = 0:7C00
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es:bx = óêàçàòåëü íà íà÷àëî áóôåðà, êóäà áóäóò ïðî÷èòàíû äàííûå
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eax = íîìåð êëàñòåðà
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íà âûõîäå: ecx = ÷èñëî ïðî÷èòàííûõ ñåêòîðîâ (ðàçìåð êëàñòåðà),
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es:bx óêàçûâàåò íà êîíåö áóôåðà, â êîòîðûé áûëè ïðî÷èòàíû äàííûå,
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eax è ñòàðøèå ñëîâà äðóãèõ 32-áèòíûõ ðåãèñòðîâ ðàçðóøàþòñÿ
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Çàãðóæàåò â ecx ðàçìåð êëàñòåðà, ïåðåêîäèðóåò íîìåð êëàñòåðà â íîìåð ñåêòîðà
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è ïåðåõîäèò ê ñëåäóþùåé ïðîöåäóðå.
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Ïðîöåäóðà ÷òåíèÿ ñåêòîðîâ (read_sectors32 è read_sectors2):
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íà âõîäå äîëæíî áûòü óñòàíîâëåíî:
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ss:bp = 0:7C00
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es:bx = óêàçàòåëü íà íà÷àëî áóôåðà, êóäà áóäóò ïðî÷èòàíû äàííûå
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eax = ñòàðòîâûé ñåêòîð (îòíîñèòåëüíî íà÷àëà ëîãè÷åñêîãî äèñêà
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äëÿ read_sectors32, îòíîñèòåëüíî íà÷àëà äàííûõ
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äëÿ read_sectors2)
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cx = ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ (äîëæíî áûòü áîëüøå íóëÿ)
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íà âûõîäå: es:bx óêàçûâàåò íà êîíåö áóôåðà, â êîòîðûé áûëè ïðî÷èòàíû äàííûå
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ñòàðøèå ñëîâà 32-áèòíûõ ðåãèñòðîâ ìîãóò ðàçðóøèòüñÿ
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0. Åñëè âûçûâàåòñÿ read_sectors2, îíà ïåðåâîäèò óêàçàííûé åé íîìåð ñåêòîðà
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â íîìåð îòíîñèòåëüíî íà÷àëà ëîãè÷åñêîãî äèñêà, ïðèáàâëÿÿ íîìåð ñåêòîðà
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íà÷àëà äàííûõ, õðàíÿùèéñÿ â ñòåêå êàê [bp-10].
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1. Ïåðåâîäèò ñòàðòîâûé ñåêòîð (îòñ÷èòûâàåìûé îò íà÷àëà òîìà) â ñåêòîð íà
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óñòðîéñòâå, ïðèáàâëÿÿ çíà÷åíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî ïîëÿ èç BPB.
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2.  öèêëå (øàãè 3-6) ÷èòàåò ñåêòîðû, ñëåäèò çà òåì, ÷òîáû íà êàæäîé èòåðàöèè
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CHS-âåðñèÿ: âñå ÷èòàåìûå ñåêòîðû áûëè íà îäíîé äîðîæêå.
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LBA-âåðñèÿ: ÷èñëî ÷èòàåìûõ ñåêòîðîâ íå ïðåâîñõîäèëî 7Fh (òðåáîâàíèå
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ñïåöèôèêàöèè EDD BIOS).
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CHS-âåðñèÿ:
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3. Ïåðåâîäèò àáñîëþòíûé íîìåð ñåêòîðà â CHS-ñèñòåìó: ñåêòîð ðàññ÷èòûâàåòñÿ êàê
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åäèíèöà ïëþñ îñòàòîê îò äåëåíèÿ àáñîëþòíîãî íîìåðà íà ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ
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íà äîðîæêå; äîðîæêà ðàññ÷èòûâàåòñÿ êàê îñòàòîê îò äåëåíèÿ ÷àñòíîãî,
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ïîëó÷åííîãî íà ïðåäûäóùåì øàãå, íà ÷èñëî äîðîæåê, à öèëèíäð - êàê
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÷àñòíîå îò ýòîãî æå äåëåíèÿ. Åñëè ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ áîëüøå,
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÷åì ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ äî êîíöà äîðîæêè, óìåíüøàåò ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ äëÿ
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÷òåíèÿ.
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4. Ôîðìèðóåò äàííûå äëÿ âûçîâà int 13h (ah=2 - ÷òåíèå, al=÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ,
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dh=ãîëîâêà, (ìëàäøèå 6 áèò cl)=ñåêòîð,
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(ñòàðøèå 2 áèòà cl è âåñü ch)=äîðîæêà, dl=äèñê, es:bx->áóôåð).
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5. Âûçûâàåò BIOS. Åñëè BIOS ðàïîðòóåò îá îøèáêå, âûïîëíÿåò ñáðîñ äèñêà
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è ïîâòîðÿåò ïîïûòêó ÷òåíèÿ, âñåãî äåëàåòñÿ íå áîëåå òð¸õ ïîïûòîê
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(íåñêîëüêî ïîïûòîê íóæíî â ñëó÷àå äèñêåòû äëÿ ãàðàíòèè òîãî, ÷òî
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ìîòîð ðàñêðóòèëñÿ). Åñëè âñå òðè ðàçà ïðîèñõîäèò îøèáêà ÷òåíèÿ,
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ïåðåõîäèò íà êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê ñ ñîîáùåíèåì "Read error".
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6.  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ÷èñëîì ïðî÷èòàííûõ íà òåêóùåé èòåðàöèè ñåêòîðîâ
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êîððåêòèðóåò òåêóùèé ñåêòîð, ÷èñëî îñòàâøèõñÿ ñåêòîðîâ è óêàçàòåëü íà
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áóôåð (â ïàðå es:bx êîððåêòèðóåòñÿ es). Åñëè âñ¸ ïðî÷èòàíî, çàêàí÷èâàåò
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ðàáîòó, èíà÷å âîçâðàùàåòñÿ íà øàã 3.
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LBA-âåðñèÿ:
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3. Åñëè ÷èñëî ñåêòîðîâ äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ áîëüøå 7Fh, óìåíüøàåò åãî (äëÿ òåêóùåé
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èòåðàöèè) äî 7Fh.
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4. Ôîðìèðóåò â ñòåêå ïàêåò äëÿ int 13h (êëàä¸ò âñå íóæíûå äàííûå êîìàíäàìè
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push, ïðè÷¸ì â îáðàòíîì ïîðÿäêå: ñòåê - ñòðóêòóðà LIFO, è äàííûå â
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ñòåêå õðàíÿòñÿ â îáðàòíîì ïîðÿäêå ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê òîìó, êàê èõ òóäà
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êëàëè).
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5. Âûçûâàåò BIOS. Åñëè BIOS ðàïîðòóåò îá îøèáêå, ïåðåõîäèò íà êîä îáðàáîòêè
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îøèáîê ñ ñîîáùåíèåì "Read error". Î÷èùàåò ñòåê îò ïàêåòà,
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ñôîðìèðîâàííîãî íà ïðåäûäóùåì øàãå.
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6.  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ÷èñëîì ïðî÷èòàííûõ íà òåêóùåé èòåðàöèè ñåêòîðîâ
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êîððåêòèðóåò òåêóùèé ñåêòîð, ÷èñëî îñòàâøèõñÿ ñåêòîðîâ è óêàçàòåëü íà
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áóôåð (â ïàðå es:bx êîððåêòèðóåòñÿ es). Åñëè âñ¸ ïðî÷èòàíî, çàêàí÷èâàåò
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ðàáîòó, èíà÷å âîçâðàùàåòñÿ íà øàã 3.
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Ïðîöåäóðà ïîèñêà ýëåìåíòà â ïàïêå (lookup_in_dir):
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íà âõîäå äîëæíî áûòü óñòàíîâëåíî:
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ss:bp = 0:7C00
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ds:si = óêàçàòåëü íà èìÿ ôàéëà â ôîðìàòå FAT (ñì. âûøå)
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eax = íà÷àëüíûé êëàñòåð ïàïêè
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bx = 0
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íà âûõîäå: ôëàã CF îïðåäåëÿåò, óäàëîñü ëè íàéòè ôàéë; åñëè óäàëîñü, òî
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CF ñáðîøåí è es:di óêàçûâàåò íà ýëåìåíò ïàïêè
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 öèêëå ñ÷èòûâàåò êëàñòåðû ïàïêè è èùåò çàïðîøåííûé ýëåìåíò â ïðî÷èòàííûõ
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äàííûõ. Äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ êëàñòåðà èñïîëüçóåò óæå îïèñàííóþ ïðîöåäóðó read_clusters,
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äëÿ ïðîäâèæåíèÿ ïî öåïî÷êå êëàñòåðîâ - îïèñàííóþ äàëåå ïðîöåäóðó
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get_next_clusters. Äàííûå ÷èòàþòñÿ â îáëàñòü ïàìÿòè, íà÷èíàþùóþñÿ ñ àäðåñà
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8000:0000, ïðè ýòîì ïåðâûå 2000h áàéò èç äàííûõ ïàïêè (ìîæåò áûòü, ìåíüøå,
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åñëè ÷òåíèå ïðåðâ¸òñÿ ðàíüøå) íå ïåðåêðûâàþòñÿ ïîñëåäóþùèìè ÷òåíèÿìè
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(ýòî áóäåò èñïîëüçîâàíî ïîçäíåå, â ñèñòåìå êýøèðîâàíèÿ èç kordldr.f32).
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Âûõîä îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â ëþáîì èç ñëåäóþùèõ ñëó÷àåâ: íàéäåí çàïðîøåííûé ýëåìåíò;
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êîí÷èëèñü ýëåìåíòû â ïàïêå (ïåðâûé áàéò î÷åðåäíîãî ýëåìåíòà íóëåâîé);
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êîí÷èëèñü äàííûå ïàïêè â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ öåïî÷êîé êëàñòåðîâ èç FAT.
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Ïðîöåäóðà âûâîäà íà ýêðàí ASCIIZ-ñòðîêè (out_string):
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íà âõîäå: ds:si -> ñòðîêà
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 öèêëå, ïîêà íå äîñòèãíóò çàâåðøàþùèé íîëü, âûçûâàåò ôóíêöèþ int 10h/ah=0Eh.
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=====================================================================
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Ðàáîòà âñïîìîãàòåëüíîãî çàãðóç÷èêà kordldr.f32:
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1. Îïðåäåëÿåò, áûë ëè îí çàãðóæåí CHS- èëè LBA-âåðñèåé áóòñåêòîðà.
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 çàâèñèìîñòè îò ýòîãî óñòàíàâëèâàåò ñìåùåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïðîöåäóð
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áóòñåêòîðà. Êðèòåðèé ïðîâåðêè: â CHS-âåðñèè ïî àäðåñó err íàõîäèòñÿ
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áàéò 0xE8 (ìàøèííàÿ êîìàíäà call), â LBA-âåðñèè ïî òîìó æå àäðåñó
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íàõîäèòñÿ áàéò 0x14, à àäðåñ ïðîöåäóðû err äðóãîé.
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2. Óçíà¸ò ðàçìåð ñâîáîäíîé áàçîâîé ïàìÿòè (ò.å. ñâîáîäíîãî íåïðåðûâíîãî êóñêà
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àäðåñîâ ïàìÿòè, íà÷èíàþùåãîñÿ ñ 0) âûçîâîì int 12h.  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ
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íèì âû÷èñëÿåò ÷èñëî ýëåìåíòîâ â êýøå ïàïîê. Õîòÿ áû äëÿ îäíîãî ýëåìåíòà
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ìåñòî äîëæíî áûòü, îòñþäà îãðàíè÷åíèå â 592 Kb (94000h áàéò).
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Çàìå÷àíèå: ýòîò ðàçìåð íå ìîæåò ïðåâîñõîäèòü 0A0000h áàéò è
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íà ïðàêòèêå îêàçûâàåòñÿ íåìíîãî (íà 1-2 êèëîáàéòà) ìåíüøèì èç-çà
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íàëè÷èÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé îáëàñòè äàííûõ BIOS "ââåðõó" áàçîâîé ïàìÿòè.
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3. Èíèöèàëèçèðóåò êýøèðîâàíèå ïàïîê. Áóòñåêòîð óæå çàãðóçèë êàêóþ-òî ÷àñòü
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äàííûõ êîðíåâîé ïàïêè; êîïèðóåò çàãðóæåííûå äàííûå â êýø è çàïîìèíàåò,
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÷òî â êýøå åñòü êîðíåâàÿ ïàïêà.
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4. Èíèöèàëèçèðóåò êýøèðîâàíèå FAT. Áóòñåêòîð èìååò äåëî ñ FAT â òîì è òîëüêî
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òîì ñëó÷àå, êîãäà åìó ïðèõîäèòñÿ çàãðóæàòü äàííûå êîðíåâîé ïàïêè,
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íå ïîìåñòèâøèåñÿ â îäèí êëàñòåð.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå â ïàìÿòè ïðèñóòñòâóåò
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îäèí ñåêòîð FAT (åñëè áûëî íåñêîëüêî îáðàùåíèé - ïîñëåäíèé èç
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èñïîëüçîâàííûõ).
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5. Åñëè êëàñòåð ðàâåí ñåêòîðó, òî áóòñåêòîð çàãðóçèë òîëüêî ÷àñòü ôàéëà
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kordldr.f32, è çàãðóç÷èê ïîäãðóæàåò âòîðóþ ñâîþ ÷àñòü, èñïîëüçóÿ
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çíà÷åíèÿ ðåãèñòðîâ íà âõîäå â kordldr.f32.
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6. Çàãðóæàåò âòîðè÷íûé çàãðóç÷èê kord/loader ïî àäðåñó 1000:0000. Åñëè ôàéë íå
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íàéäåí, èëè îêàçàëñÿ ïàïêîé, èëè îêàçàëñÿ ñëèøêîì áîëüøèì, òî ïåðåõîäèò
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íà êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê èç áóòñåêòîðà ñ ñîîáùåíèåì
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"Fatal error: cannot load the secondary loader".
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Çàìå÷àíèå: íà ýòîì ýòàïå èìÿ ôàéëà óæå ìîæíî óêàçûâàòü âìåñòå ñ ïóò¸ì
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è â ôîðìàòå ASCIIZ, õîòÿ ïîääåðæêè äëèííûõ èì¸í è íåàíãëèéñêèõ ñèìâîëîâ
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ïî-ïðåæíåìó íåò.
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7. Èçìåíÿåò êîä îáðàáîòêè îøèáîê áóòñåêòîðà íà ïåðåõîä íà ìåòêó hooked_err.
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Ýòî íóæíî, ÷òîáû ïîñëåäóþùèå îáðàùåíèÿ ê êîäó áóòñåêòîðà â ñëó÷àå
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îøèáîê ÷òåíèÿ íå âûâîäèë ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå ñîîáùåíèå ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé
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ïåðåçàãðóçêîé, à ðàïîðòîâàë îá îøèáêå ÷òåíèÿ, êîòîðóþ ìîãëî áû
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êàê-íèáóäü îáðàáîòàòü ÿäðî.
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8. Åñëè çàãðóçî÷íûé äèñê èìååò èäåíòèôèêàòîð ìåíüøå 0x80,
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òî óñòàíàâëèâàåò al='f' ("floppy"), ah=èäåíòèôèêàòîð äèñêà,
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èíà÷å al='h' ("hard"), ah=èäåíòèôèêàòîð äèñêà-0x80 (íîìåð äèñêà).
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(Ãîâîðèòå, äèñêåòîê ñ FAT32 íå áûâàåò?  ÷¸ì-òî Âû ïðàâû... íî
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óâåðåíû ëè Âû, ÷òî íåò çàãðóçî÷íûõ óñòðîéñòâ, ïîäîáíûõ äèñêåòàì,
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íî áîëüøåãî ðàçìåðà, è äëÿ êîòîðûõ BIOS-èäåíòèôèêàòîð ìåíüøå 0x80?)
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Óñòàíàâëèâàåò bx='32' (òèï ôàéëîâîé ñèñòåìû - FAT32).
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Óñòàíàâëèâàåò si=ñìåùåíèå ôóíêöèè îáðàòíîãî âûçîâà. Ïîñêîëüêó â ýòîò
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ìîìåíò ds=0, òî ds:si îáðàçóþò ïîëíûé àäðåñ.
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9. Ïåðåäà¸ò óïðàâëåíèå ïî àäðåñó 1000:0000.
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Ôóíêöèÿ îáðàòíîãî âûçîâà äëÿ âòîðè÷íîãî çàãðóç÷èêà:
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ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò âîçìîæíîñòü ÷òåíèÿ ôàéëà.
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Âõîä è âûõîä îïèñàíû â ñïåöèôèêàöèè íà çàãðóç÷èê.
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1. Ñîõðàíÿåò ñòåê âûçûâàþùåãî êîäà è óñòàíàâëèâàåò ñâîé ñòåê:
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ss:sp = 0:(7C00-10), bp=7C00: ïàðà ss:bp ïðè ðàáîòå ñ îñòàëüíûì
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êîäîì äîëæíà óêàçûâàòü íà 0:7C00, à -10 áåð¸òñÿ îò òîãî, ÷òî
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èíèöèàëèçèðóþùèé êîä áóòñåêòîðà óæå ïîìåñòèë â ñòåê 10 áàéò ïàðàìåòðîâ,
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è îíè äîëæíû ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ â íåèçìåííîñòè. (Çíà÷åíèå [ebp-14],
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"òåêóùèé ñåêòîð, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â êýøå FAT", íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîñëå
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èíèöèàëèçàöèè êýøèðîâàíèÿ â kordldr.f32.)
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2. Ðàçáèðàåò ïåðåäàííûå ïàðàìåòðû è âûçûâàåò íóæíóþ èç âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ
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ïðîöåäóð (çàãðóçêè ôàéëà ëèáî ïðîäîëæåíèÿ çàãðóçêè ôàéëà).
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3. Âîññòàíàâëèâàåò ñòåê âûçûâàþùåãî êîäà è âîçâðàùàåò óïðàâëåíèå.
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Âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå ïðîöåäóðû kordldr.f32.
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Ïðîöåäóðà ïîëó÷åíèÿ ñëåäóþùåãî êëàñòåðà â FAT (get_next_cluster):
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1. Âû÷èñëÿåò íîìåð ñåêòîðà â FAT, â êîòîðîì íàõîäèòñÿ çàïðîøåííûé ýëåìåíò.
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(Â ñåêòîðå 0x200 áàéò, êàæäûé âõîä çàíèìàåò 4 áàéòà.)
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2. Ïðîâåðÿåò, åñòü ëè ñåêòîð â êýøå. Åñëè åñòü, ïðîïóñêàåò øàãè 3 è 4.
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3. Åñëè íåò, òî â êýø íóæíî âñòàâèòü íîâûé ýëåìåíò. Åñëè êýø åù¸ íå çàïîëíåí,
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âûäåëÿåò î÷åðåäíîé ýëåìåíò â êîíöå êýøà. Åñëè çàïîëíåí, óäàëÿåò
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ñàìûé ñòàðûé ýëåìåíò (òîò, ê êîòîðîìó äîëüøå âñåãî íå áûëî îáðàùåíèé);
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äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòñëåæèâàòü ïîðÿäîê ýëåìåíòîâ ïî âðåìåíè ïîñëåäíåãî
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îáðàùåíèÿ, âñå (âûäåëåííûå) ýëåìåíòû êýøà ñâÿçàíû â äâóñâÿçíûé ñïèñîê,
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â êîòîðîì ïåðâûì ýëåìåíòîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûé ñòàðûé, à ññûëêè âïåð¸ä
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óêàçûâàþò íà ñëåäóþùèé ïî âðåìåíè ïîñëåäíåãî îáðàùåíèÿ.
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4. ×èòàåò ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ñåêòîð FAT ñ äèñêà.
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5. Êîððåêòèðóåò ñïèñîê: òåêóùèé îáðàáàòûâàåìûé ýëåìåíò óäàëÿåòñÿ ñ òîé ïîçèöèè,
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ãäå îí íàõîäèòñÿ, è äîáàâëÿåòñÿ â êîíåö. ( ñëó÷àå ñî ñâåæåäîáàâëåííûìè
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â êýø ýëåìåíòàìè óäàëåíèÿ íå äåëàåòñÿ, ïîñêîëüêó èõ â ñïèñêå åù¸ íåò.)
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6. Ñ÷èòûâàåò íóæíûé âõîä â FAT, ñáðàñûâàÿ ñòàðøèå 4 áèòà.
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7. Ñðàâíèâàåò ïðî÷èòàííîå çíà÷åíèå ñ ïðåäåëîì: åñëè îíî ñòðîãî ìåíüøå
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0x0FFFFFF7, òî îíî çàäà¸ò íîìåð ñëåäóþùåãî êëàñòåðà â öåïî÷êå;
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â ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå öåïî÷êà çàêîí÷èëàñü.
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Ïðîöåäóðà çàãðóçêè ôàéëà (load_file):
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1. Òåêóùàÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìàÿ ïàïêà - êîðíåâàÿ. Â öèêëå âûïîëíÿåò øàãè 2-4.
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2. Êîíâåðòèðóåò èìÿ òåêóùåãî ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî êîìïîíåíòà èìåíè (êîìïîíåíòû
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ðàçäåëÿþòñÿ ñèìâîëîì '/') â FAT-ôîðìàò 8+3. Åñëè ýòî íåâîçìîæíî
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(áîëüøå 8 ñèìâîëîâ â èìåíè, áîëüøå 3 ñèìâîëîâ â ðàñøèðåíèè èëè
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áîëüøå îäíîé òî÷êè), âîçâðàùàåòñÿ ñ îøèáêîé.
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3. Èùåò ýëåìåíò ñ òàêèì èìåíåì â òåêóùåé ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé ïàïêå.
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à) Ïðîâåðÿåò, åñòü ëè òàêàÿ ïàïêà â êýøå ïàïîê. (Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ ïàïîê
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îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ïî íîìåðó íà÷àëüíîãî êëàñòåðà.) Åñëè òàêîé ïàïêè åù¸
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íåò, äîáàâëÿåò å¸ â êýø; åñëè òîò ïåðåïîëíÿåòñÿ, âûêèäûâàåò ïàïêó,
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ê êîòîðîé äîëüøå âñåãî íå áûëî îáðàùåíèé. (Äëÿ êàæäîãî ýëåìåíòà êýøà
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õðàíèòñÿ ìåòêà îò 0 äî (ðàçìåð êýøà)-1, îïðåäåëÿþùàÿ åãî íîìåð ïðè
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ñîðòèðîâêå ïî äàâíîñòè ïîñëåäíåãî îáðàùåíèÿ. Ïðè îáðàùåíèè ê êàêîìó-òî
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ýëåìåíòó åãî ìåòêà ñòàíîâèòñÿ íóëåâîé, à òå ìåòêè, êîòîðûå ìåíüøå
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ñòàðîãî çíà÷åíèÿ, óâåëè÷èâàþòñÿ íà åäèíèöó.)
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á) Ïðîñìàòðèâàåò â ïîèñêàõ çàïðîøåííîãî èìåíè âñå ýëåìåíòû èç êýøà,
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èñïîëüçóÿ ïðîöåäóðó èç áóòñåêòîðà. Åñëè îáíàðóæèâàåò èñêîìûé ýëåìåíò,
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ïåðåõîäèò ê øàãó 4. Åñëè îáíàðóæèâàåò êîíåö ïàïêè, âîçâðàùàåòñÿ èç
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ïðîöåäóðû ñ îøèáêîé.
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â)  öèêëå ñ÷èòûâàåò ïàïêó ïîñåêòîðíî. Ïðè ýòîì ïðîïóñêàåò íà÷àëüíûå
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ñåêòîðû, êîòîðûå óæå íàõîäÿòñÿ â êýøå è óæå áûëè ïðîñìîòðåíû. Êàæäûé
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ïðî÷èòàííûé ñåêòîð êîïèðóåò â êýø, åñëè òàì åù¸ îñòà¸òñÿ ìåñòî,
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è ïðîñìàòðèâàåò â í¸ì âñå ýëåìåíòû. Ðàáîòàåò, ïîêà íå ñëó÷èòñÿ îäíî èç
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òð¸õ ñîáûòèé: íàéäåí èñêîìûé ýëåìåíò; êîí÷èëèñü êëàñòåðû (ñóäÿ ïî
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öåïî÷êå êëàñòåðîâ â FAT); î÷åðåäíîé ýëåìåíò ïàïêè ñèãíàëèçèðóåò î êîíöå
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(ïåðâûé áàéò íóëåâîé).  äâóõ ïîñëåäíèõ ñëó÷àÿõ âîçâðàùàåòñÿ ñ îøèáêîé.
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4. Ïðîâåðÿåò òèï íàéäåííîãî ýëåìåíòà (ôàéë/ïàïêà): ïîñëåäíèé ýëåìåíò â
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çàïðîøåííîì èìåíè äîëæåí áûòü ôàéëîì, âñå ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå - ïàïêàìè.
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Åñëè òåêóùèé êîìïîíåíò èìåíè - ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé, ïðîäâèãàåò òåêóùóþ
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ðàññìàòðèâàåìóþ ïàïêó è âîçâðàùàåòñÿ ê ïóíêòó 2.
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5. Ïðîõîäèò ïî öåïî÷êå êëàñòåðîâ â FAT è ñ÷èòûâàåò âñå êëàñòåðû â óêàçàííûé
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ïðè âûçîâå áóôåð ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè âûçîâàìè ôóíêöèè áóòñåêòîðà;
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ïðè ýòîì åñëè íåñêîëüêî êëàñòåðîâ ôàéëà ðàñïîëîæåíû íà äèñêå
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ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî, òî èõ ÷òåíèå îáúåäèíÿåòñÿ â îäíó îïåðàöèþ.
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Ñëåäèò çà òåì, ÷òîáû íå ïðåâûñèòü óêàçàííûé ïðè âûçîâå ïðîöåäóðû
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ëèìèò ÷èñëà ñåêòîðîâ äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ.
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Ïðîöåäóðà ïðîäîëæåíèÿ çàãðóçêè ôàéëà (continue_load_file): âñòðîåíà
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âíóòðü øàãà 5 load_file; çàãðóæàåò â ðåãèñòðû íóæíûå çíà÷åíèÿ (ðàíåå
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ñîõðàí¸ííûå èç load_file) è ïðîäîëæàåò øàã 5.
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