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kolibrios-gitea/kernel/trunk/docs/sysfuncs.txt
Mihail Semenyako (mike.dld) 9a27b206b3 Added two flags to 0th function (edx = 0xXYRRGGBB, X = DCBAb) 
A - window has a caption; if Y=3, then caption scting address could be passed in
      edi, otherwise use function 71/1
  B - treat all drawing performed to be relative to window client area
  D - use gradient fill for client area
Added function 71:
  subfunction 1 - set window caption string address (in ecx)
  subfunction 2 - get window caption into buffer (not implemented yet)
Updated sysfuncr.txt, added sysfuncs.txt

git-svn-id: svn://kolibrios.org@114 a494cfbc-eb01-0410-851d-a64ba20cac60
2006-08-03 19:30:32 +00:00

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SYSTEM FUNCTIONS of OS Kolibri 0.5.8.1
Number of the function is located in the register eax.
The call of the system function is carried out by the command "int 0x40".
All registers, except for obviously indicated in returned value,
including the register of flags eflags, are saved.
======================================================================
============== Function 0 - define and draw the window. ==============
======================================================================
Defines an application window. Draws a frame of the window, header and
working area. For windows with ñêèíîì defines standard buttons of closing
and minimization.
Parameters:
* eax = 0 - number of the function
* ebx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [size on axis x]
* ecx = [coordinate on axis y]*65536 + [size on axis y]
* edx = 0xXYRRGGBB, where:
* Y = style of the window:
* Y=0 - type I - window of the fixed sizes
* Y=1 - only to define window area, nothing to draw
* Y=2 - type II - window with changed sizes
* Y=3 - window with skinned
* other possible values (from 4 up to 15) reserved,
function call with such Y is ignored
* RR, GG, BB = accordingly red, green, blue
colours of a working area of the window
(is ignored for style Y=2)
* X = DCBA (bits)
* A = 1 - window has caption; if Y=3, caption string address could be passed in edi,
otherwise use function 71 subfunction 1
* B = 1 - draw all graphics primitives relative to window client area
* C - reserved
* D = 8 - fill client area with gradient
other values are reserved
The following parameters are intended for windows of a type I and II,
and ignored for styles Y=1,3:
* esi = 0xXYRRGGBB - colour of header
* RR, GG, BB define colour
* Y=0 - usual window, Y=1 - unmovable window
* X defines a gradient of header: X=0 - no gradient,
X=8 - usual gradient,
for windows of a type II X=4 - negative gradient
* other values X and Y reserved
* edi = 0x00RRGGBB - colour of a frame
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Location and the sizes of the window are installed by the first call of
this function and are ignored at subsequent; for change of location
and/or of sizes already of created window use function 67.
* If to use windows of appropriate styles, location and - or the sizes of
the window can vary by the user.
Current location and the sizes can be obtained by function 9.
* The window should be located on the screen. If the transferred coordinates
nd the sizes do not satisfy to this condition, appropriate coordinate
(or, probably, is considered both) as zero, and if also it does not help,
the appropriate size (or, probably, both) is installed in a size of the
screen.
Further we shall designate xpos, ypos, xsize, ysize - values transmitted
in ebx, ecx. The coordinates are resulted concerning the left upper corner
of the window, which, thus, is set as (0,0), coordinate of the right lower
corner essence (xsize, ysize).
* The sizes of the window are understood in sense of coordinates of the
right lower corner. This concerns and to all other functions. It means,
that the real sizes on 1 pixel are more.
* Look of the window of a type I:
* draw external frame of colour indicated in edi,
in width 1 pixel
* draw header - rectangle with the left upper corner (1,1) and right lower
(xsize-1, min (25, ysize)) colour indicated in esi
(in view of a gradient)
* If ysize > =26, the working area of the window - rectangle with the left
upper corner (1,21) and right lower
(xsize-1, ysize-1) (sizes (xsize-1) * (ysize-21)) - colour
indicated in edx (in view of a gradient) is painted over
* Look of the window of a type Y=1:
* completely defined by the application
* Look of the window of a type II:
* draw external frame of width 1 pixel of the "shaded" colour
edi (all making colours decrease twice)
* drawn intermediate frame of width 3 pixels of colour edi
* draw internal frame of width 1 pixel
"shaded" colour edi
* draw header - rectangle with the left upper corner (4,4)
and right lower (xsize-4,min(20,ysize)) colour, indicated â esi
(in view of a gradient)
* If ysize > =26, the working area of the window is painted over -
rectangle with the left upper corner (5,20) and right lower
(xsize-5,ysize-5) - colour indicated in edx (in view of a gradient)
* Look of the window with skinned:
* draw external frame of width 1 pixel
colour 'outer' from skin
* draw intermediate framework of width 3 pixels
colour 'frame' from skin
* draw internal framework of width 1 pixel
colour 'inner' from skin
* draw header (on pictures from skin) in a rectangle
(0,0) - (xsize,_skinh-1)
* If ysize > =26, the working area of the window is painted over -
rectangle with the left upper corner (5, _skinh) and right lower
(xsize-5,ysize-5) - colour indicated in edx (in view of a gradient)
* two standard buttons are defined: closings and minimizations
(see function 8)
* value _skinh is accessible as result of call
subfunction 4 functions 48
======================================================================
================= Function 1 - put a point in the window. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 1 - number of the function
* ebx = x-coordinate (concerning the window)
* ecx = y-coordinate (concerning the window)
* edx = 0x00RRGGBB - colour of a point
edx = 0x01xxxxxx - to invert colour of a point
(low 24 bits ignored)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
======================================================================
======== Function 2 - receive the code of the pressed key. ===========
======================================================================
Takes away the code of the pressed key from the buffer.
Parameters:
* eax = 2 - number of the function
Returned value:
* if the buffer is empty, comes back eax=1
* If the buffer is nonblank, that comes back al=0, ah=code of the pressed key,
high word of the register eax is set zero
* If there is "hotkey", comes back
al=2, ah=scancode of the pressed key (0 for direction keys),
high word of the register eax contains a status of direction keys
at the moment of pressing a hotkey
Remarks:
* There is a common system buffer of the pressed keys by a size of 120 bytes,
organized as queue.
* There is one more common system buffer on 120 "hotkey".
* By call of this function the application with the inactive window
considers, that the buffer of the pressed keys is empty.
* By default this function returns ASCII-codes; to switch to the mode
scancode (and back) it is possible with usage of the function 66.
However, the hotkey always come back as scancodes.
* Ffind out, what keys correspond to what codes, is possible, having started
the applications keyascii and scancode.
* Scancodes come back directly by keyboard and are fixed; ASCII-codes turn
out with usage of the conversion tables, which can be installed
subfunction 2 functions 21 and to read subfunction 2 functions 26.
* As a consequence, ASCII-codes take into account current keyboard layout
(rus/en) as against scancodes.
* The information only about those hotkeys acts which were defined by this
stream subfunction 4 functions 66.
======================================================================
================ Function 3 - get system time. =======================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 3 - number of the function
Returned value:
* eax = 0x00SSMMHH, where HH:MM:SS = Hours:Minutes:Seconds
* each unit comes back as BCD-number, for example,
for time 23:59:59 result will be 0x00595923
Remarks:
* Look also subfunction 9 functions 26 - obtaining of time from the moment
of start of the system; it in many cases is more convenient, as returns
simply DWORD-value of the counter of time.
* System time can be installed by the function 22.
======================================================================
================ Function 4 - draw text in the window. ===============
======================================================================
Can output both strings with given length and NULL-terminated strings
(0x0) - ASCIIZ(string db 'text',0). To draw ASCIIZ string, pass -1
in esi (mov esi,-1).
Parameters:
* eax = 4 - number of the function
* ebx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [coordinate on axis y]
* ecx = 0xX0RRGGBB, where
* RR, GG, BB set colour of the text
* X sets the used font: 0=system monowide,
1=system font of variable width
* edx = pointer by the beginning of string
* esi = length of string, should be no more 255
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* The first system font is read out at loading from the file char.mt,
second system font - from char2.mt.
* Both fonts have height 9 pixels, width of the monowide font
is equal 6 pixels.
======================================================================
========================= Function 5 - pause. =========================
======================================================================
Delays execution of the program on the given time.
Parameters:
* eax = 5 - number of the function
* ebx = time in the 1/100 of second
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* The transmission ebx=0 does not transfer handle the following process
and at all does not make any operations. If really it is required to
transfer handle to the following process (to complete a current time
slice), use subfunction of 1 function 68.
* At current realization there will be an immediate return from the function,
if the addition ebx with current value of the counter of time will call
32-bit overflow.
======================================================================
============== Function 6 - read the file with ramdisk. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 6 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on a filename
* ecx = number of the start block, beginning from 1;
ecx=0 - read from a beginning of the file (same, as ecx=1);
* edx = number of blocks for reading;
edx=0 - read one block (same, as edx=1)
* esi = pointer on area of memory, where the data will be written
Returned value:
* eax = file size in bytes, if the file is successfully read
* eax = -1, if the file is not retrieved
Remarks:
* The given function is out-of-date; the function 70 allows to fulfil
the same operations with the extended possibilities.
* Block = 512 bytes.
* For reading all file it is possible to specify the certainly large value
in edx, for example, edx = -1; but in this case be ready that the program
"will fall", if the file will appear too large and "will not be placed" in
memory of the program.
* The filename should be or in the format 8+3 characters (first 8 characters
- purely name, last 3 - extension, the short names and extensions are
supplemented by blanks), or in the format 8.3 characters
"FILE.EXT" / "FILE.EX " (name no more than 8 characters, point,
extension 3 characters supplemented if necessary by blanks).
The filename should be written by capital letters. The completing
character with the code 0 is not necessary (ASCIIZ-string).
* Current implementation ramdisk does not support the directory.
======================================================================
=============== Function 7 - draw image in the window. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 7 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on the image in the format BBGGRRBBGGRR...
* ecx = [size on axis x]*65536 + [size on axis y]
* edx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [coordinate on axis y]
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Coordinates of the image are coordinates of the upper left corner of the
image concerning the window.
* Size of the image in bytes is 3*xsize*ysize.
======================================================================
=============== Function 8 - define/delete the button. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters for îïðåäåëåíèÿ êíîïêè:
* eax = 8 - number of the function
* ebx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [size on axis x]
* ecx = [coordinate on axis y]*65536 + [size on axis y]
* edx = 0xXYnnnnnn, where:
* nnnnnn = identifier of the button
* high (31-st) bit edx is reset
* if 30-th bit edx is installed - to not draw the button
* If 29-th bit edx is installed - to not draw a frame
at pressing the button
* esi = 0x00RRGGBB - colour of the button
Parameters for deleting the button:
* eax = 8 - number of the function
* edx = 0x80nnnnnn, where nnnnnn - identifier of the button
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Sizes of the button should be more than 0 and less than 0x8000.
* For windows with skin at definition of the window (call of 0-th function)
there are two standard buttons - closing of the window with the
identifier 1 and minimization of the window with the identifier 0xffff.
* The creation of two buttons with identical identifiers is admitted.
* The button with the identifier 0xffff at pressing is interpreted by the
system as the button of minimization, the system handles such pressing
independently, not accessing to the application. In rest it is
the usual button.
* Total of buttons for all applications is limited to number 4095.
======================================================================
========== Function 9 - information on thread of execution. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 9 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on the buffer of a size 1 Kb
* ecx = number of the slot of thread
ecx = -1 - get information on current thread
Returned value:
* eax = maximum number of the slot of thread
* buffer, which specifies ebx, contains the following information:
* +0: dword: usage of the processor (how many clock ticks per one second
leaves on fulfilment of this thread)
* +4: word: position of the window of thread in the window stack
* +6: word: (there is no ratio to the requested thread)
number of the slot thread, which window is in the window stack
in a position ecx
* +8: word: reserved
* +10 = +0xA: 11 bytes: name of the process
(name of an appropriate executable file in the format 8+3)
* +21 = +0x15: byte: alignment, this byte does not vary
* +22 = +0x16: dword: address of the process in memory
* +26 = +0x1A: dword: size of used memory - 1
* +30 = +0x1E: dword: identifier (PID/TID)
* +34 = +0x22: dword: coordinate of the window thread on axis x
* +38 = +0x26: dword: coordinate of the window thread on axis y
* +42 = +0x2A: dword: size of the window thread on axis x
* +46 = +0x2E: dword: size of the window thread on axis y
* +50 = +0x32: word: status of the slot thread:
* 0 = thread worked
* 1 = thread paused
* 2 = thread paused at the moment of waiting event
* 3 = thread completed as a result of function call -1 or
under duress as a consequence of call subfunction 2 functions 18
or termination of the system
* 4 = thread is completed as a result of exception
* 5 = thread wait event
* 9 = requested slot is free,
all other information on the slot is not meaningful
Remarks:
* Slots are numbered with 1.
* Returned value not is a total number of streams, as there are free slots.
* Ïðè ñîçäàíèè ïðîöåññà àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîçäàåòñÿ thread âûïîëíåíèÿ.
* Function produces the information on thread. Each process has even one
thread. One process can create some thread, in this case everyone thread
receives the slot, and the fields +10, +22, +26 in these slots coincide.
For the applications there is no common way to define, whether two thread
belong to one process.
* Active window - window which is taking place on top of the window stack,
it receives the messages on a keyboard input. For it the position in the
window stack coincides with returned value.
* Slot 1 corresponds to special thread of an operating system, for which:
* window is in the bottom of the window stack, the fields +4 and +6
contain value 1
* Nname of the process - "OS/IDLE" (supplemented by blanks)
* address of the process is equal memory 0, size of used memory
16 Mb (0x1000000)
* PID=1
* coordinates and sizes of the window conditionally rely equal 0
* status of the slot - always 0 (worked)
* The execution time adds of time leaving on purely operation, and down
time in waiting interruption (which can be received by call
subfunction 4 functions 18).
* Since the slot 2, the usual applications are placed.
* Usual applications are placed in memory to the address 0x10000000
(constant of a kernel std_application_base_address).
Intersection does not occur, as for each process the own page table.
* At creation thread to it are assigned the slot in the system table and
identifier (Process/Thread IDentifier = PID/TID), which for given thread
do not vary in the subsequent time.
After completion thread its slot can be anew used for another thread.
The identifier thread can not be assigned to other stream even after
completion first.
Identifiers, assigned to new thread, monotonously grow.
* If thread yet has not defined the window by function call 0,
a location and the sizes of this window rely in zero.
* In the given moment the part of the buffer by a size 52 = 0x34 of byte
is used only. Nevertheless it is recommended to use the buffer
by a size 1 KB for the future compatibility, in the future some fields
can be added.
======================================================================
====================== Function 10 - wait event. =====================
======================================================================
If the message queue is empty, waits for appearance of the message in queue.
In such status thread does not receive CPU time.
Then reads out the message from queue.
Parameters:
* eax = 10 - number of the function
Returned value:
* eax = event (look the list of events)
Remarks:
* Those events are taken into account only which enter into a mask installed
by the function 40. By default it is events redraw, pressing keys
and buttons.
* For check, whether there is a message in queue, use the function 11.
To wait for the no more defined time, use the function 23.
=======================================================================
= Function 11 - check up, whether there is an event, without waiting. =
=======================================================================
If in a message queue there is any event, reads out and returns it.
If queue is empty, returns zero.
Parameters:
* eax = 11 - number of the function
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - message queue is empty
* èíà÷å eax = event (look the list of events)
Remarks:
* Those events are taken into account only which enter into a mask installed
by the function 40. By default it is events redraw, pressing keys
and buttons.
* For waiting appearance of event in queue, use the function 10.
To wait for the no more defined time, use the function 23.
======================================================================
========= Function 12 - begin/complete redraw of the window. =========
======================================================================
---------- Subfunction 1 - begin redraw of the window. ---------------
Parameters:
* eax = 12 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
--------- Subfunction 2 - complete redraw of the window. -------------
Parameters:
* eax = 12 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Function of a beginning redraw all deletes defined by the
function 8 buttons, they should be defined again.
======================================================================
============ Function 13 - draw a rectangle in the window. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 13 - number of the function
* ebx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [size on axis x]
* ecx = [coordinate on axis y]*65536 + [size on axis y]
* edx = colour 0xRRGGBB èëè 0x80RRGGBB for a gradient of filling
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Coordinates are understood as coordinates of the left upper corner
of a rectangle concerning the window.
======================================================================
================ Function 14 - get sizes of the screen. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 14 - number of the function
Returned value:
* eax = [xsize]*65536 + [ysize], where
* xsize = x-coordinate of the right lower corner of the screen =
size on a horizontal - 1
* ysize = y-coordinate of the right lower corner of the screen =
size on a vertical - 1
Remarks:
* Look also subfunction 5 functions 48 - to receive sizes of
a working area of the screen.
========================================================================
= Function 15, subfunction 1 - install a size of the background image. =
========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 15 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = width of the image
* edx = height of the image
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Checks on a correctness is not done. The installation of the too large
values will result that the background will be entered with the data abroad
of buffer of the background map. The size of the buffer = 0x160000-0x10,
that corresponds to maximum sizes 800*600. (800*600*3=0x15F900)
* For upgrade of the screen (after completion of a series of commands
working with a background) call subfunction 3 redraw of a background.
* There is a pair function of get of sizes of the background image -
subfunction 1 function 39.
======================================================================
= Function 15, subfunction 2 - put a point on the background image. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 15 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = offset
* edx = colour of a point 0xRRGGBB
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Offset for a point with coordinates (x, y) is calculated as
(x+y*xsize)*3.
* If the indicated offset exceeds 0x160000-16 =
1.375 Mb - 16 bytes, call is ignored.
* For upgrade of the screen (after completion of a series of commands
working with a background) call subfunction 3 redraw of a background.
* There is a pair function of obtaining of a point from the background
image - subfunction 2 functions 39.
======================================================================
=========== Function 15, subfunction 3 - redraw background. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 15 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
=========================================================================
= Function 15, subfunction 4 - set the mode of drawing of a background. =
=========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 15 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* ecx = mode of drawing:
* 1 = tile
* 2 = stretch
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* For upgrade of the screen (after completion of a series of commands
working with a background) call subfunction 3 redraw of a background.
* There is a pair command of obtaining of the mode redraw of a background
- subfunction 4 functions 39.
===========================================================================
= Function 15, subfunction 5 - place the block of pixels on a background. =
===========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 15 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the data in the format BBGGRRBBGGRR...
* edx = offset in data of the background image
* esi = size given in bytes = 3 * number of pixels
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* If the block gets out abroad 0x160000-16 = 1.375 Mb - 16 bytes,
the call is ignored.
* Colour of each pixel is stored as 3 bytes the value BBGGRR.
* Pixels of the background image are written sequentially from left to right,
from above downwards.
* Offset of a pixel with coordinates (x,y) it (x+y*xsize)*3.
* For upgrade of the screen (after completion of a series of commands
working with a background) call subfunction 3 redraw of a background.
======================================================================
============= Function 16 - save ramdisk on a diskette. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 16 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 èëè ebx = 2 - on what floppy to save
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - error
======================================================================
============== Function 17 - get code of pressed button. =============
======================================================================
Takes away the code of the pressed button from the buffer.
Parameters:
* eax = 17 - number of the function
Returned value:
* If the buffer is empty, comes back eax=1
* If the buffer is nonblank, comes back al=0, the high 24 bits eax contain
the identifier of the button (in particular, in ah there is a low byte of
the identifier; if all buttons have the identifier, smaller 256, for
distinguishing there is enough ah)
Remarks:
* "Buffer" keeps only one button, at pressing the new button the information
about old is lost.
* By call of this function by the application with the inactive window the
answer " the buffer comes back is empty ".
======================================================================
============ Function 18, subfunction 1 - shutdown system. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* Always comes back eax = 0 as tag of success
Remarks:
* On last step there is a menu of quit waiting responses of the user.
* Look also subfunction 9, termination of the system with the parameter
to speed up choice in the menu of an exit.
======================================================================
= Function 18, subfunction 2 - complete process/thread on the slot. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = number of the slot of process/thread
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* It is impossible to complete thread of an operating system OS/IDLE
(number of the slot 1), it is possible to complete
any usual thread/process.
* See also subfunction 18 - completion of process/thread
with the given identifier.
=========================================================================
= Function 18, subfunction 3 - do to the active window selected thread. =
=========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = number of the slot thread
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* At the instruction correct, but nonexistent slot any window is made active.
* Find out, what window is active, is possible by call subfunction 7.
==============================================================================
Function 18, subfunction 4 - get counter of empty clock ticks per one second.
==============================================================================
Empty clock ticks are understood as time, in which the processor stands idle
in waiting interruption (in the instruction hlt).
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = value of the counter of empty clock ticks per one second
======================================================================
=========== Function 18, subfunction 5 - get cpu frequency. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = cpu frequency (modulo 2^32 clock ticks = 4GHz)
=====================================================================
== Function 18, subfunction 6 - save ramdisk in file on hard disk. ==
=====================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx defines path to the file:
* 1 = in the directory "/KOLIBRI"
* 2 = in the root
* 3 = edx specifies path (names of folders in the format 8+3, divided '/')
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* differently eax = an error code of a file system
Remarks:
* Filename is fixed, "menuet.img" (global variable of
a kernel image_save from preboot.inc)
* On what partition what disk the file will be saved, is defined
subfunction 7 and subfunction 8 functions 21.
* All directories in the indicated path should exist, differently will
return value 5, " the file is not retrieved ".
======================================================================
====== Function 18, subfunction 7 - get number of active window. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of active window (number of the slot thread, which window
is active)
Remarks:
* Active window is at the top of the window stack and receives the messages
on all keyboard input.
* Make the window active it is possible by call subfunction 3.
=======================================================================
==== Function 18, subfunction 8 - disable/enable a speaker sound . ====
=======================================================================
At the disconnected sound the calls subfunction 55 functions 55 are ignored.
At included - are routed on built - in speaker.
--------------- Subsubfunction 1 - get a status. ----------------
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = 1 - number subsubfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - sound speaker is enabled; 1 - is disabled
-------------- Subsubfunction 2 - switch a status. --------------
Switches statuses of disable/enable.
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = 2 - number subsubfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
===========================================================================
= Function 18, subfunction 9 - shutdown of the system with the parameter. =
===========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 9 - number subfunction
* ecx = parameter:
* 1 = On last step of shutdown to save ramdisk on a diskette then to
output the menu of an exit and to request of the user further operations
* 2 = switch off the computer
* 3 = reboot the computer
* 4 = restart a kernel from the file kernel.mnt on ramdisk
Returned value:
* At incorrect ecx the registers do not vary (i.e. eax=18)
* By correct call tag of success eax=0 always comes back
Remarks:
* It is not necessary to rely on returned value by incorrect call,
it can vary in the subsequent versions of a kernel.
* It is possible to use subfunction 1, that on last step of termination
the user himself has selected, that it is necessary.
* It is not recommended to use value ecx=1 (to not irritate the user with
excessive questions); to save ramdisk on a diskette it is possible by the
function 16 (which admits specification, on which diskette to write), and
to complete operation from the menu of an output(exit) it is possible
already mentioned subfunction 1.
=======================================================================
====== Function 18, subfunction 10 - minimize application window. =====
=======================================================================
Turns off the own window.
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 10 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* The minimized window from the point of view of the function 9 saves
a location and sizes.
* Restoring of an application window occurs at activation subfunction 3.
* Usually there is no necessity obviously to turn off/restore the window:
turn off of the window is carried out by the system at pressing the button
of minimization (which for windows with SKIN is defined automatically by
function 0, for windows without SKIN it is possible to define by the
function 8), restoring - application @panel.
======================================================================
==================== Function 18, subfunction 11 =====================
================ Get information on a disk subsystem. ================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 11 - number subfunction
* ecx = type of the table:
* 1 = short version, 10 bytes
* 2 = full version, 65536 bytes
* edx = pointer on the buffer (in the application) for table
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Format of the table: the short version:
* +0: byte: information about FDD's (drives for diskettes), AAAABBBB,
where AAAA sets type of the first drive, BBBB - second disk agrees
to the following list:
* 0 = there is no drive
* 1 = 360Kb, 5.25''
* 2 = 1.2Mb, 5.25''
* 3 = 720Kb, 3.5''
* 4 = 1.44Mb, 3.5''
* 5 = 2.88Mb, 3.5'' (such diskettes already are not used)
For example, for the standard configuration from one 1.44-drive here will
be 40h, and for a case 1.2Mb on A: and 1.44Mb on B: the value appears 24h.
* +1: byte: information about hard disks and CD - drives, AABBCCDD,
where AA corresponds to the controller IDE0, ..., DD - IDE3:
* 0 = device is absent
* 1 = hard disk
* 2 = CD - drive
For example, in a case HD on IDE0 and CD on IDE2 here will be 48h.
* +2: 4 db: Number of the retrieved sections on hard disks with
accordingly IDE0..., IDE3.
At absence of the hard disk on IDEx appropriate byte zero, at presence
shows number of the recognized partitions, which can and to not be (if the
drive is not formatted or if the file system is not supported). In the
current version of a kernel for hard disks are supported only FAT16
and FAT32.
* +6: 4 db: reserved
Format of the table: the complete version:
* +0: 10 db: same, as well as in the short version
* +10: 100 db: data for the first partition
* +110: 100 db: data for the second partition
* ...
* +10+100*(n-1): 100 db: data for the last partition
The sections are located in the following order: at first sequentially all
recognized partitions on HD on IDE0 (if are), then on HD on IDE1 (if is)
etc. up to IDE3.
Format of the information about partition (while is supported only FAT):
* +0: dword: first physical sector of the partition
* +4: dword: last physical sector of the partition
(belongs to partition)
* +8: dword: sectors in one copy FAT
* +12 = +0xC: dword: number of copies FAT
* +16 = +0x10: dword: number of sectors in a cluster
* +20 = +0x14: dword: byte in sector; the current implementation expects,
that here 0x200 = 512
* +24 = +0x18: dword: first cluster of the root in FAT32, 0 for FAT16
* +28 = +0x1C: dword: first physical sector FAT
* +32 = +0x20: dword: first physical sector of the root for FAT16,
is ignored for FAT32
* +36 = +0x24: dword: number of sectors in the root for FAT16, 0 for FAT32
* +40 = +0x28: dword: physical sector of a beginning of area of the data
* +44 = +0x2C: dword: maximum number of a cluster
* +48 = +0x30: dword: physical sector of the information about a file system
for FAT32, is ignored for FAT16
* +52 = +0x34: dword: value used as boundary of special values in FAT
* +56 = +0x38: dword: value used for bad clusters in FAT
* +60 = +0x3C: dword: Value used as the end mark at recording of a chain
in FAT
* +64 = +0x40: dword: mask superimposed on a unit FAT
* +68 = +0x44: byte: type of a file system: 16 or 32
* +69 = +0x45: 31 db: reserved
Remarks:
* Short table can be used for obtaining the information about available
devices.
* First two information fields about partition in the complete version of
the table inform parameters of the unit which has stayed - parameters of
a file system FAT. For other file systems (when they will be supported)
information, specific to a file system, naturally, there will be another,
but first two fields will be saved constant.
======================================================================
======== Function 18, subfunction 13 - get version of a kernel. ======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the buffer (not less than 16 bytes), where the
information will be placed
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Structure of the buffer:
db a,b,c,d for version a.b.c.d
db UID_xxx: one of UID_NONE=0, UID_MENUET=1, UID_KOLIBRI=2
db 'name',0 - ASCIIZ-string with a name
For kernel Kolibri 0.5.8.1:
db 0,5,8,1
db 2
db 'Kolibri',0
=========================================================================
====================== Function 18, subfunction 14 ======================
= Expect a beginning of retrace of a ray of scanning of screen monitor. =
=========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 14 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0 as tag of success
Remarks:
* Function is intended only for the active high-efficiency graphics
applications; is used for smooth output of a graphics.
============================================================================
= Function 18, subfunction 15 - place a mouse pointer in centre of screen. =
============================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 15 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0 as tag of success
======================================================================
====================== Function 18, subfunction 16 ===================
====================== Get a size of the free RAM. ===================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 16 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = size of free memory in kilobytes
======================================================================
====================== Function 18, subfunction 17 ===================
====================== Get a size of the amount RAM. =================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 17 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = common size of amount memory in kilobytes
======================================================================
====================== Function 18, subfunction 18 ===================
============= complete process/thread on the identifier. =============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 18 - number of the function
* ebx = 18 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier of process/thread (PID/TID)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = -1 - error (the process is not retrieved or is system)
Remarks:
* It is impossible to complete thread of an operating system OS/IDLE
(number of the slot 1), it is possible to complete any usual thread/process.
* See also subfunction 2 - completion of process / thread on the given slot.
======================================================================
============ Function 19 - start application with ramdisk. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 19 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on an application name in format similar to function 6
* ecx = 0 or ecx = the pointer on parameters of the command line
Returned value:
* If eax > 0, eax contains PID of the created process
* If eax < 0, -eax - error code of a file system
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete; use subfunction 7 functions 70.
* Command line should be ended by the character with the code 0
(ASCIIZ-strings); it are taken into account or all characters up to
completing zero inclusively, or the first 256 characters, that are less.
======================================================================
==================== Function 20 - interface MIDI. ===================
======================================================================
------------------------ Subfunction 1 - reset ------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 20 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
-------------------- Subfunction 2 - output byte ---------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 20 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* cl = byte for output
Returned value (is identical to both subfunctions):
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - base port is not defined
Remarks:
* Base port previously should be defined by call
subfunction of 1 function 21.
======================================================================
==== Function 21, subfunction 1 - install a base port MPU MIDI. ======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = number of a base port
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = -1 - erratic number of a port
Remarks:
* Number of a port should satisfy to conditions 0x100<=ecx<=0xFFFF.
* Installation of base is necessary for operation of the function 20.
* Get installed base port it is possible by call
subfunction of 1 function 26.
======================================================================
======== Function 21, subfunction 2 - install keyboard layout. =======
======================================================================
Keyboard layout is used for conversion scancodes, acting from the keyboard,
in ASCII-codes which were read - out by the function 2.
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = what layout to install:
* 1 = normal layout
* 2 = layout at pressed Shift
* 3 = layout at pressed Alt
* edx = pointer on layout - table of length 128 bytes
Or:
* ecx = 9
* dx = identifier of the country (1=eng, 2=fi, 3=ger, 4=rus)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - parameter is given incorrectly
Remarks:
* If is pressed Alt, the layout with Alt is used; if not is pressed Alt,
but is pressed Shift, the layout with Shift is used; if not are
pressed Alt and Shift, but is pressed Ctrl, the normal layout is used,
then from the code is subtracted 0x60; if not any of direction keys
is pressed, the normal layout is used.
* get layouts and identifier of the country it is possible with the help
subfunction 2 functions 26.
* The identifier of the country - global environment variable, which by
kernel is not used; however application @panel displays an icon,
appropriate to the current country.
* Application @panel switches layouts on search of the user.
======================================================================
=========== Function 21, subfunction 3 - install base CD. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = base CD: 1=IDE0, 2=IDE1, 3=IDE2, 4=IDE3
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Base CD is used by the function 24.
* Receive the installed base CD it is possible by call
subfunction 3 functions 26.
======================================================================
=== Function 21, subfunction 4 - install base port Sound Blaster. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* ecx = number base port
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = -1 - erratic number of a port
Remarks:
* Number of a port should satisfy to conditions 0x100<=ecx<=0xFFFF.
* Installation of base is necessary for operation of functions 25, 28, 55.
* Get installed base port it is possible by call subfunction 4 functions 26.
======================================================================
==== Function 21, subfunction 5 - install the language of system. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* ecx = language of system (1=eng, 2=fi, 3=ger, 4=rus)
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Language of the system - global environment variable in any way which
is not used by kernel, however application @panel draws
an appropriate icon.
* Checks on a correctness is not done, as the kernel this variable
does not use.
* Get language of the system it is possible by call
subfunction 5 functions 26.
======================================================================
========= Function 21, subfunction 6 - install base port WSS. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx = base port
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = -1 - erratic number of a port
Remarks:
* Number of a port should satisfy to conditions 0x100<=ecx.
* Base WSS is used by the function 27.
* Get installed base port WSS it is possible by call
subfunction 6 functions 26.
======================================================================
=========== Function 21, subfunction 7 - install base HD. ============
======================================================================
The base HD is necessary for definition, on what hard disk to write, at usage
of out-of-date functions of operation with a file system and functions
implicitly using the hard disk (such as subfunction of 6 functions 18);
At usage of functions 58 and 70 and modern syntax /HD0, /HD1, /HD2, /HD3
these functions install base.
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
* ecx = base HD: 1=IDE0, 2=IDE1, 3=IDE2, 4=IDE3
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Any application at any moment of time can change base.
* It is not necessary to change base, when any application works
with the hard disk. If not want errors of the system.
* Get installed base it is possible by call subfunction 7 functions 26.
* It is necessary also to define used partition of
the hard disk subfunction 8.
======================================================================
========= Function 21, subfunction 8 - install partition HD. =========
======================================================================
The section HD is necessary for definition, on what partition of the hard disk
to write, at usage of out-of-date functions of operation with a file system and
functions implicitly using the hard disk (such as subfunction of 6 functions
18); at usage of functions 58 and 70 and modern syntax /HD0, /HD1, /HD2, /HD3
these functions install base and partition.
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = partition HD (beginning from 1)
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Any application at any moment of time can change partition.
* It is not necessary to change partition, when any application works
with the hard disk. If not want errors of the system.
* Get installed partition it is possible by call subfunction 8 functions 26.
* Checks on a correctness is not done.
* Find out number of partitions on the hard disk it is possible by call
subfunction 11 functions 18.
* It is necessary also to define used base of the hard disk subfunction 7
======================================================================
=== Function 21, subfunction 10 - install channel DMA for a sound. ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 10 - number subfunction
* ecx = number of channel (from 0 up to 3 inclusively)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = -1 - incorrect number of the channel
Remarks:
* Number of the channel DMA is used in subfunction of 1 function 55.
* Get channel DMA for a sound it is possible by call
subfunction 10 functions 26.
======================================================================
====================== Function 21, subfunction 11 ===================
=============== Permit/prohibit low level access to HD. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 11 - number subfunction
* ecx = 0/1 - prohibit/permit
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Is used at LBA-reading (subfunction 8 functions 58).
* Current realization uses only low bit ecx.
* Get a current status it is possible by call subfunction 11 functions 26.
======================================================================
====================== Function 21, subfunction 12 ===================
============= Permit/prohibit low level access to PCI. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 12 - number subfunction
* ecx = 0/1 - prohibit/permit
Returned value:
* eax = 0
Remarks:
* Is used by operation with the bus PCI (function 62).
* Current realization uses only low bit ecx.
* Get a current status it is possible by call subfunction 12 functions 26.
======================================================================
============= Function 21, subfunction 13, subsubfunction 1 ==========
======= Initialize + get information on the driver vmode.mdr. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = 1 - number of the function äðàéâåðà
* edx = pointer on the buffer of a size of 512 bytes
Returned value:
* If the driver is not loaded (never it happens in current implementation):
* eax = -1
* ebx, ecx fail
* If the driver is loaded:
* eax = 'MDAZ' (in style fasm, i.e. 'M' - low byte,
'Z' - high) - signature
* ebx = current frequency of the scanning (in a Hz)
* ecx fail
* buffer, which specifies edx, is filled
Format of the buffer:
* +0: 32*byte: name of the driver, " Trans VideoDriver " (without quotes,
is supplemented by blanks)
* +32 = +0x20: dword: version of the driver (version x.y is encoded
as y*65536+x), for current implementation 1 (1.0)
* +36 = +0x24: 7*dword: reserved (0 in current implementation)
* +64 = +0x40: 32*word: list of supported videomodes (each word - number
of videomode, after the purely list there are zero)
* +128 = +0x80: 32*(5*word): list of supported frequencies of the scannings
for videomodes: for each videomode indicated in the previous field,
up to 5 supported frequencies (in unused positions are indicated the zero)
are written.
Remarks:
* Function initializes the driver (if it is not initialized yet) and should
be called by first, before others (differently they will return -1,
nothing doing).
* In current implementation one frequency of the scanning on videomode
is supported only.
======================================================================
============= Function 21, subfunction 13, subsubfunction 2 ==========
================= Get information on current videomode. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = 2 - number of the function of the driver
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - driver is not loaded or is not initialized;
ebx,ecx fail
* eax = [width]*65536 + [height]
* ebx = frequency of the vertical scanning (in a Hz)
* ecx = number of current videomode
Remarks:
* Driver previously should be initialized by function call of the driver 1.
* If the sizes of the screen are necessary only, it is more expedient
to use the function 14 that it returns sizes on 1 less.
======================================================================
= Function 21, subfunction 13, subsubfunction 3 - install videomode.
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = 3 - number of the function of the driver
* edx = [frequency of the scanning] *65536 + [number of videomode]
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - driver is not loaded, not initialized or has taken place error
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx, ecx fail
Remarks:
* Driver previously should be initialized by function call of the driver 1.
* Number of videomode and frequency should be in the table returned
function 1 of the driver.
======================================================================
============= Function 21, subfunction 13, subsubfunction 4 ==========
===================== Return to former videomode. ====================
======================================================================
Âîçâðàùàåò ýêðàí â videomode, óñòàíîâëåííîì ïðè çàãðóçêå ñèñòåìû.
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = 4 - number of the function of the driver
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - driver is not loaded or is not initialized
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx, ecx fail
Remarks:
* Driver previously should be initialized by function call of the driver 1.
=======================================================================
============= Function 21, subfunction 13, subsubfunction 5 ===========
====== Increase/reduce a size of visible area of screen monitor. ======
=======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 21 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
* ecx = 5 - number of the function of the driver
* edx = 0/1 - reduce/increase a size on a horizontal by one position
* edx = 2/3 - in current realization is not supported; is planned as
decrease/increase of a size on a vertical for one position
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - driver is not loaded or is not initialized
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx, ecx fail
Remarks:
* Driver previously should be initialized by function call of the driver 1.
* Function influences only a physical size of the map on the screen monitor;
the logical size (number of pixels) does not vary.
======================================================================
=============== Function 22 - install system date/time. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 22 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - install time
* ecx = 0x00SSMMHH - time in a binary-decimal code (BCD):
* HH=hour 00..23
* MM=minute 00..59
* SS=second 00..59
* ebx = 1 - óñòàíîâèòü äàòó
* ecx = 0x00DDMMYY - date in a binary-decimal code (BCD):
* DD=day 01..31
* MM=month 01..12
* YY=year 00..99
* ebx = 2 - install day of week
* ecx = 1 for Sunday, ..., 7 for Saturday
* ebx = 3 - install an alarm clock
* ecx = 0x00SSMMHH
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - parameter is given incorrectly
* eax = 2 - CMOS-battery was unloaded
Remarks:
* value of installation of day of week is represented doubtful, as it a
little where is used (day of week it is possible to calculate by date of).
* Alarm clock can be installed on operation in the given time each day.
Thus to disable by its existing system functions it is impossible.
* Operation of an alarm clock consists in generation IRQ8.
* Generally CMOS supports for an alarm clock installation of value 0xFF
as one of parameters and means it, that the appropriate parameter
is ignored. But in current implementation it will not pass
(will return value 1).
* Alarm clock - global system resource; the installation of an alarm clock
automatically cancels the previous installation. However, at present any
program it does not use.
======================================================================
============== Function 23 - expect event with timeout. =============
======================================================================
If message queue is empty, waits for appearance of the message in queue, but no more indicated time. Then reads out the message from queue.
Parameters:
* eax = 23 - number of the function
* ebx = timeout (in 1/100 of second)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - message queue is empty
* differently eax = event (look the list of events)
Remarks:
* Those events are taken into account only which enter into a mask installed
by the function 40. By default it is events redraw, pressing keys
and buttons.
* For check, whether there is a message in queue, use the function 11.
To wait as much as long, use the function 10.
* Transmission ebx=0 results in instant returning eax=0.
* At current realization there will be an immediate return from the function
with eax=0, if the addition ebx with current value of the counter of time
will call 32-bit overflow.
======================================================================
======= Function 24, subfunction 1 - begin to play a CD - audio. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 24 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = 0x00FRSSMM, where
* MM = initial minute
* SS = initial second
* FR = initial frame
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - base CD is not defined
Remarks:
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port CD by call
subfunction 3 functions 21.
* In one second 75 frames, in one minute 60 seconds.
* Function is asynchronous (returns handle, when the playing) began.
======================================================================
====== Function 24, subfunction 2 - get information on tracks. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 24 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the buffer for the table
(maximal 8*64h+4 byte =100 tracks)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - base CD is not defined
Remarks:
* The format of the table with the information on tracks same, as well
as for a ATAPI-CD of the command 43h (READ TOC), usual table
(subcommand 00h). The addresses come back in the format MSF.
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port CD by call
subfunction 3 functions 21.
* Function returns the information only about no more than 100 first tracks.
In most cases it is enough of it.
======================================================================
========= Function 24, subfunction 3 - stop play CD - audio. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 24 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - base CD is not defined
Remarks:
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port CD by call
subfunction 3 functions 21.
======================================================================
================= Function 25 - install volume SBPro. ================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 25 - number of the function
* ebx = what to install:
* 1 - install common volume
* 2 - install volume of CD - audio
* cl = Level of volume: high 4 bits for the left column, low 4 - for right
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - base SB is not defined
* eax = 2 - incorrect subfunction
Remarks:
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port SB by call
subfunction 4 functions 21.
* See also function 28 installations of a sound for later standard SB16.
======================================================================
======== Function 26, subfunction 1 - get base port MPU MIDI. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of a port
Remarks:
* Install a base port it is possible by call subfunction of 1 function 21.
======================================================================
========== Function 26, subfunction 2 - get keyboard layout. =========
======================================================================
The keyboard layout is used for conversion scancodes, acting from the keyboard,
in ASCII-codes which were read - out by the function 2.
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = what layout to get:
* 1 = normal layout
* 2 = layout at pressed Shift
* 3 = layout at pressed Alt
* edx = pointer on the buffer of length 128 bytes, where the layout
will be copied
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Èëè:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = 9
Returned value:
* eax = identifier of the country (1=eng, 2=fi, 3=ger, 4=rus)
Remarks:
* If is pressed Alt, the layout with Alt is used; if not is pressed Alt,
but is pressed Shift, the layout with Shift is used; if not are
pressed Alt and Shift, but is pressed Ctrl, the normal layout is used,
then from the code is subtracted 0x60; if not any of direction keys
is pressed, the normal layout is used.
* Install layouts and identifier of the country it is possible with the help
subfunction 2 functions 21.
* The identifier of the country - global environment variable, which by
kernel is not used; however application @panel displays an icon,
appropriate to the current country (using the described function).
* Application @panel switches layouts on search of the user.
======================================================================
============= Function 26, subfunction 3 - get base CD. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = base CD: 1=IDE0, 2=IDE1, 3=IDE2, 4=IDE3
Remarks:
* Base CD is used by the function 24.
* Install base CD it is possible by call subfunction 3 functions 21.
======================================================================
====== Function 26, subfunction 4 - get base port Sound Blaster. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of a base port
Remarks:
* Installation of base is necessary for operation of functions 25, 55.
* Install a base port it is possible by call subfunction 4 functions 21.
======================================================================
======== Function 26, subfunction 5 - get language of system. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = language of system (1=eng, 2=fi, 3=ger, 4=rus)
Remarks:
* Language of the system - global environment variable in any way which
is not used by kernel, however application @panel draws
an appropriate icon (using described function).
* Install the language of the system it is possible by call
subfunction 5 functions 21.
======================================================================
=========== Function 26, subfunction 6 - get base port WSS. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = base port
Remarks:
* Base WSS is used by the function 27.
* Install a base port WSS it is possible by call subfunction 6 functions 21.
======================================================================
============== Function 26, subfunction 7 - get base HD. =============
======================================================================
The base HD is necessary for definition, on what hard disk to write, at usage
of out-of-date functions of operation with a file system and functions
implicitly using the hard disk (such as subfunction of 6 functions 18);
At usage of functions 58 and 70 and modern syntax /HD0, /HD1, /HD2, /HD3
these functions install base.
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = base HD: 1=IDE0, 2=IDE1, 3=IDE2, 4=IDE3
Remarks:
* Any application at any moment of time can change áàçó.
* Install base it is possible by call subfunction 7 functions 21.
* Get used partition of the hard disk it is possible subfunction 8.
======================================================================
=========== Function 26, subfunction 8 - get partition HD. ===========
======================================================================
The partition HD is necessary for definition, on what partition of the hard disk
to write, at usage of out-of-date functions of operation with a file system and
functions implicitly using the hard disk (such as subfunction of 6 functions
18); at usage of functions 58 and 70 and modern syntax /HD0, /HD1, /HD2, /HD3
these functions install base and partition.
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = partition HD (beginning from 1)
Remarks:
* Any application at any moment of time can change partition.
* Install partition it is possible by call subfunction 8 functions 21.
* Find out number of partitions on the hard disk it is possible by call
subfunction 11 functions 18.
* Get used base of the hard disk it is possible subfunction 7.
======================================================================
=== Function 26, subfunction 9 - get value of the counter of time. ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 9 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of 1/100 second, past from the moment of start of the system
Remarks:
* counter takes modulo 2^32, that there corresponds by little more+
than 497 day.
* System time can be get by the function 3.
======================================================================
====== Function 26, subfunction 10 - get channel DMA for a sound. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 10 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of the channel (from 0 up to 3 inclusively)
Remarks:
* Number of the channel DMA is used in subfunction 1 function 55.
* Install the channel DMA for a sound it is possible by call
subfunction 10 functions 21.
======================================================================
====================== Function 26, subfunction 11 ===================
========= Find out, whether low level access to HD is allowed. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 11 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0/1 - prohibit/permit
Remarks:
* Is used at LBA-reading (subfunction 8 functions 58).
* Install a current status it is possible by call
subfunction 11 functions 21.
======================================================================
====================== Function 26, subfunction 12 ===================
======= Find out, whether low level access to PCI is allowed. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 26 - number of the function
* ebx = 12 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 0/1 - prohibit/permit
Remarks:
* Is used by operation with the bus PCI (function 62).
* Current realization uses only low bit ecx.
* install a current status it is possible by call
subfunction 12 functions 21.
======================================================================
==== Function 27 - install volume Windows Sound System (WSS). ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 27 - number of the function
* ebx = what to install:
* 1 - install common volume
* 2 - install volume Line In
* cl = Level of volume (0x0 = highest, 0x1F = lowest,
installed bit 0x80 = to disable)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - the base WSS is not defined
* eax = 2 - incorrect subfunction
Remarks:
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port WSS by call
subfunction 6 functions 21.
* Installation of common volume is actually ignored (comes back eax=0).
* In old documentation and in source code of a kernel subfunction 2
is erraticly called as volume of a CD - audio.
======================================================================
================= Function 28 - install volume SB16. =================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 28 - number of the function
* ebx = what to install:
* 1 - install common volume
* 2 - install volume of a CD - audio
* cl = level of volume (0=off, 0xFF=max)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - the base SB is not defined
* eax = 2 - incorrect subfunction
Remarks:
* Previously it is necessary to define a base port SB by call
subfunction 4 functions 21.
* This function gives more variants for volume, than function 25.
======================================================================
==================== Function 29 - get system date. ==================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 29 - number of the function
Returned value:
* eax = 0x00DDMMYY, where
(binary-decimal coding is used, BCD)
* YY = two low digits of year (00.. 99)
* MM = month (01.. 12)
* DD = day (01.. 31)
Remarks:
* The system date can be installed by the function 22.
======================================================================
=============== Function 32 - delete file with ramdisk. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 32 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully; differently error code of a file system
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete; the function 58 allows to fulfil the same
operations with the extended possibilities.
* Current realization returns only values 0 (successes)
and 5 (the file is not retrieved).
* The filename should be or in the format 8+3 characters (first 8 characters
- purely name, last 3 - extension, the short names and extensions are
supplemented by blanks), or in the format 8.3 characters
"FILE.EXT" / "FILE.EX" (name no more than 8 characters, point,
extension 3 characters supplemented if necessary by blanks).
Filename should be written by capital letters. The completing character
with the code 0 is not necessary (ASCIIZ-string).
======================================================================
=============== Function 33 - save file on ramdisk. ==================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 33 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on a filename
* ecx = pointer on data for save
* edx = number byte for save
* it is necessary to install esi=0
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete; the function 58 allows to fulfil the same
operations with the extended possibilities.
* If to specify non-zero value in esi and on ramdisk already there is an
indicated file, one more file with the same name will be created.
* Otherwise file is resave.
* The filename should be or in the format 8+3 characters (first 8 characters
- purely name, last 3 - extension, the short names and extensions are
supplemented by blanks), or in the format 8.3 characters
"FILE.EXT" / "FILE.EX" (name no more than 8 characters, point,
extension 3 characters supplemented if necessary by blanks).
Filename should be written by capital letters. The completing character
with the code 0 is not necessary (ASCIIZ-string).
======================================================================
======== Function 35 - read colour of a point on the screen. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 35
* ebx = y*xsize+x, where
* (x,y) = coordinates of a point (considering from 0)
* xsize = size of the screen on a horizontal
Returned value:
* eax = colour 0x00RRGGBB
Remarks:
* Find out sizes of the screen it is possible by function call 14.
Pay attention, that it subtracts 1 of both sizes.
* To a video memory there is also direct access (without calls of system
functions) through the selector gs. Parameters of current videomode
it is possible to receive by the function 61.
======================================================================
=========== Function 37 - get coordinate/status of mouse. ============
======================================================================
------------ Subfunction 0 - screen coordinates of mouse -------------
Parameters:
* eax = 37 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = x*65536 + y, (x,y)=coordinates of mouse pointer (considering from 0)
------ Subfunction 1 - coordinates of mouse concerning window -------
Parameters:
* eax = 37 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = x*65536 + y, (x,y)=coordinates of mouse pointer concerning
an application window (considering from 0)
Remarks:
* Value is calculated under the formula (x-xwnd) *65536 + (y-ywnd).
If y > =ywnd, the low word nonnegatively also contains relative
y-coordinate, and high - relative x-coordinate (correct sign).
Otherwise low word negatively and all the same contains relative
y-coordinate, and to a high word it is necessary to add 1.
---------------- Subfunction 2 - pressed mouse buttons ----------------
Parameters:
* eax = 37 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax contains information on the pressed mouse buttons:
* Bit 0 installed = left button pressed
* Bit 1 installed = right button pressed
* Other bits are reset
======================================================================
====================== Function 38 - draw line. ======================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 38 - number of the function
* ebx = [coordinate began on axis x] *65536 +
[coordinate of the end on axis x]
* ecx = [coordinate began on axis y]*65536 +
[coordinate of the end on axis y]
* edx = 0x00RRGGBB - colour
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Coordinates take concerning window.
* Finite point also is drawn.
======================================================================
===== Function 39, subfunction 1 - get size of background image. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 39 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = [width]*65536 + [height]
Remarks:
* There is a pair command of installation of sizes of background image -
subfunction of 1 function 15. After which, certainly, it is necessary
anew to define image.
======================================================================
== Function 39, subfunction 2 - read a point from background image. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 39 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = offset
Returned value:
* eax = 0x00RRGGBB - colour of a point, if offset is valid (less 0x160000-16)
* eax = 2 - differently
Remarks:
* It is not necessary to rely on returned value in case of incorrect offset,
it can vary in the following versions of a kernel.
* Offset of a point with coordinates (x, y) is calculated as (x+y*xsize) *3.
* There is a pair function of installation of a point on background image -
subfunction 2 functions 15.
======================================================================
==== Function 39, subfunction 4 - get mode redraw of background. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 39 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = 1 - tiled
* eax = 2 - stretched
Remarks:
* There is a pair function of installation of mode redraw of a background -
subfunction 4 functions 15.
======================================================================
========== Function 40 - install a mask for expected events. =========
======================================================================
Mask for expected events influences function of operation with events 10,
11, 23 - they inform only events allowed by this mask.
Parameters:
* eax = 40 - number of the function
* ebx = mask: bit i corresponds to event i+1 (see list of events)
(installed bit permits notice on event)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Mask by default (7=111b) permits notices about redraw,
pressings keys and buttons.
It is enough of it for the majority of the applications.
* The events prohibited in a mask, are all same saved, if come;
with events simply do not inform on them functions of operation.
* Functions of operation with events take into account a mask on moment
of function call, instead of on moment of arrival of message.
======================================================================
=============== Function 41 - find out the owner IRQ. ================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 41 - number of the function
* ebx = number IRQ, 0..15
Returned value:
* eax = PID of owner
* eax = 0, if owner is not present
* eax = -1 for incorrect ebx
======================================================================
=============== Function 42 - read data obtained on IRQ. =============
======================================================================
At occurrence IRQ system can read out data from indicated earlier by
function 44 ports and to write these data in buffer.
Described function reads out on byte the data from this buffer.
Parameters:
* eax = 42 - number of the function
* ebx = number IRQ, 0..15
Returned value: (situation can be distinguished on value ecx)
* if thread is not owner IRQ
(or number IRQ is given incorrectly):
* ecx = 2
* if data is not present:
* eax = 0
* ecx = 1
* ebx fail
* if all in the order and data were:
* eax = size given, yet not read from the buffer (in bytes)
* ecx = 0
* ebx = current byte
Remarks:
* Previously thread should reserve for itself indicated IRQ
by the function 45.
* Size of the buffer for the data - 4000 bytes, at overflow
the "fresh" data cease to be written in the buffer.
======================================================================
================ Function 43 - input/output in port. =================
======================================================================
------------------------ Data output in port -------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 43 - number of the function
* bl = byte for output
* ecx = number of port 0xnnnn (from 0 up to 0xFFFF)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - thread the indicated port has not reserved
------------------------ Data input from a port ------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 43 - number of the function
* ebx ignored
* ecx = 0x8000nnnn, where nnnn = number of port (from 0 up to 0xFFFF)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, thus ebx = entered byte
* eax = 1 - thread the given port has not reserved
Remarks:
* Previously thread should reserve behind itself the indicated port
by the function 46.
* For the reserved ports instead of call of these functions it is better
to use commands of the processor in/out is much faster both a little bit
more shortly and easier. From the non-reserved ports to read all the same
it is impossible.
======================================================================
=========== Function 44 - define operations at arrival IRQ. ==========
======================================================================
At occurrence IRQ the system can read out the data from the ports, indicated
by this function, and to write these data in the buffer, whence they can be
read by the function 42.
Parameters:
* eax = 44 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on the array of structures describing on one port:
* +0: word: 0 means the end of the array, differently number of a port
* +2: byte: reserved (ignored)
* +3: byte: 1 = read out byte from this port, 2 = read out a word
* ecx = number IRQ, 0..15
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - thread is not owner indicated IRQ
Remarks:
* Previously thread should reserve behind itself indicated IRQ
by the function 45.
* First 16 ports are considered only.
* Current implementation considers incorrect value of a field +3
as a signal of termination of processing IRQ.
======================================================================
============ Function 45 - reserve/free IRQ. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 45 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - reserve, 1 = free
* ecx = number IRQ, 0..15
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - error (incorrect number IRQ or attempt reserve not free IRQ
or to free IRQ, not reserved by current stream)
Remarks:
* Reserved IRQ is necessary for operation of functions 42 and 44.
* Only one thread can reserve selected IRQ.
* IRQ, processed by the system is independent, are reserved by
the system (stream 1) at loading.
* At completion thread are automatically released all reserved by it IRQ.
======================================================================
==== Function 46 - reserve/free group of ports of input/output. ======
======================================================================
It is possible to access to the reserved ports directly from the application by
commands in/out (recommended way) and function call 43 (not recommended way).
Parameters:
* eax = 46 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - reserve, 1 - free
* ecx = number of a beginning of a range of ports
* edx = number of the end of a range of ports (inclusively)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - error
Remarks:
* In case of backup of ports the error considers execution of one
of conditions:
* beginning address more than end address;
* indicated range contains incorrect number of a port
(correct - from 0 up to 0xFFFF);
* limitation on a total number of the reserved areas -
is exceeded the maximal 255 is admitted;
* indicated range is intersected with one of earlier reserved
* In case of release of ports the error considers attempt of release of
a range, which was not wholly reserved by same function (with the same
values ecx, edx) earlier.
* At detection of an error (in both cases) any operations is not does.
* At loading the system reserved behind itself ports 0.. 0xff, and at
detection of COM-mouse - in addition range of COM-ports 0x3f0.. 0x3ff
and/or 0x2f0.. 0x2ff.
* At completion thread all ports, reserved by it are automatically free.
======================================================================
============== Function 47 - draw number in window. ==================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 47 - number of the function
* ebx = parameters of conversion of number in the text:
* bl = 0 - ecx contains number
* bl = 1 - ecx contains the pointer on dword-number
* bh = 0 - to display in a decimal number system
* bh = 1 - to display in the hexadecimal system
* bh = 2 - to display in the binary system
* Bits 16-21 = how many digits to display
* The bits 22-31 are reserved and should be installed in 0
* ecx = number (at bl=0) or pointer (at bl=1)
* edx = [coordinate on axis x]*65536 + [coordinate on axis y]
* esi = 0xN0RRGGBB, RRGGBB=colour, N=font (0/1)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Indicated length should not exceed 60.
* The equally indicated amount of digits is output. If the number a little
also can be written by smaller amount of digits, it is supplemented by
leading zeroes; if the number is great and can not be written by such
amount of digits, the "superfluous" carrying on digits are not draw.
* Parameters of fonts are indicated in the description of the function 4
(output of the text).
======================================================================
===== Function 48, subfunction 0 - apply adjustments of screen. ======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
* ecx = 0 - reserved
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Function redraw the screen after change of parameters
subfunctions 1 and 2.
* Function call without prior calls indicated subfunctions is ignored.
* Function call with non-zero ecx is ignored.
======================================================================
======= Function 48, subfunction 1 - install style of buttons. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = type of buttons:
* 0 = flat buttons
* 1 = 3d buttons
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* After call of the described function follows redraw
the screen subfunction 0.
* Type of buttons influences only their plotting by the function 8.
========================================================================
== Function 48, subfunction 2 - install standard colours of windows. ===
========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the color table
* edx = size of the color table
(should be 40 bytes for the future compatibility)
Format of the color table is indicated in the description subfunction 3.
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* After call of the described function follows redraw
the screen subfunction 0.
* Table of standard colours influences only the applications, which receive
this table by an obvious way (subfunction 3) and use (specifying colours
from it by calls of functions of drawing).
* Table of standard colours enters in skin and is installed anew
at installation skin (subfunction 8).
* Color table can be viewed/changed online with the help of
the application desktop.
======================================================================
=== Function 48, subfunction 3 - get standard colours of windows. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the buffer the size edx byte, where will write the table
* edx = size of the color table
(should be 40 bytes for the future compatibility)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Format of the color table: each unit -
dword-value of colour 0x00RRGGBB
* +0: dword: frames - colour of frame
* +4: dword: grab - colour of header
* +8: dword: grab_button - colour of the button on a bar of header
* +12 = +0xC: dword: grab_button_text - colour of the text on the button
on a bar of header
* +16 = +0x10: dword: grab_text - colour of the text on header
* +20 = +0x14: dword: work - colour of a working area
* +24 = +0x18: dword: work_button - colour of the button in a working area
* +28 = +0x1C: dword: work_button_text - colour of the text on the button
in a working area
* +32 = +0x20: dword: work_text - colour of the text in a working area
* +36 = +0x24: dword: work_graph - colour of a graphics in a working area
Remarks:
* structure of the color table is described in the standard included file
macros.inc under the name system_colors; for example, it is possible
to write:
sc system_colors ; declaration of a variable
... ; where it is necessary to call
; described function with ecx=sc
mov ecx, [sc.work_button_text] ; read colour of the text
; on the button in a working area
* Usage/non-use of these colours - business is exclusively of the program.
For usage it is necessary simply at call of functions of drawing to
specify colour, taken from this table.
* At change of the table of standard colours (subfunction 2 with the
subsequent application of changes subfunction 0 or at installation skin
subfunction 8) all windows the message on necessity redraw (event with
the code 1) is dispatched.
* Color table can be viewed/changed online with the help of
the application desktop.
======================================================================
========== Function 48, subfunction 4 - get height of skin. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = height of skin
Remarks:
* Height skin on definition considers height of header
of windows using skin.
* See also common structure of the window in the description
of the function 0.
======================================================================
==== Function 48, subfunction 5 - get working area of the screen. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = [left]*65536 + [right]
* ebx = [top]*65536 + [bottom]
Remarks:
* Working area of the screen defines a location and coordinates
of the maximized window.
* Working area of the screen by normal operation is all screen
minus the panel (@panel).
* (left,top) - coordinates of the left upper corner,
(right,bottom) - coordinates of the right lower corner.
Thus, the size of a working area on an axis x is defined by
the formula right-left+1, on an axis y - formula bottom-right+1.
* See also function 14, permitting to define sizes of all screen.
* There is a pair function of installation of a working area -
subfunction 6.
======================================================================
=== Function 48, subfunction 6 - install a working area of screen. ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx = [left]*65536 + [right]
* edx = [top]*65536 + [bottom]
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Working area of the screen defines a location and coordinates
of the maximized window.
* This function is used only by application @panel, installing by
a working area all screen minus the panel.
* (left,top) - coordinates of the left upper corner,
(right,bottom) - coordinates of the right lower corner.
Thus, the size of a working area on an axis x is defined by
the formula right-left+1, on an axis y - formula bottom-right+1.
* If left > =right, the x-coordinates of a working area do not vary.
If left < 0, left is not installed. If right it is more or equally
width of the screen, right is not installed. Similarly on an axis y.
* See also function 14, permitting to define sizes of all screen.
* There is a pair function of get of a working area - subfunction 5.
* This function automatically redraw the screen, on a course of business
updates coordinates and rule(situation) of the maximized windows.
All windows are informed on necessity redraw (event 1).
======================================================================
====================== Function 48, subfunction 7 ====================
================= Get skin area for the text of header. ==============
======================================================================
Returns title bar of the window with skin, intended for output of the
text of header.
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = [left]*65536 + [right]
* ebx = [top]*65536 + [bottom]
Remarks:
* Usage/non-use of this function - personal business of the application.
* It is recommended to take into account values returned by this function,
at choice of a place for drawing the text of header (function 4) or any
of a substitute of the text of header (at the discretion of the
application).
======================================================================
===== Function 48, subfunction 8 - install used skin of windows. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 48 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the block for the function 58, in which the field of
the intermediate buffer is placed(installed) and the filename is indicated
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* differently eax = an error code of a file system; if the file does
not set skin, comes back error 3 (unknown file system).
Remarks:
* At successful loading skin all windows are informed on necessity
redraw (event 1).
* At loading the system reads out skin from the file default.skn on ramdisk.
* User can change skin statically, having created default.skn,
or dynamically with the help of the application desktop.
======================================================================
============ Function 49 - Advanced Power Management (APM). ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 49 - number of the function
* dx = number of the function APM (clone ax in the specification)
* bx, cx = parameters of the function APM
Returned value:
* 16-bit registers ax, bx, cx, dx, si, di and flag CF are installed
according to the specification APM
* high halves of 32-bit registers eax, ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi fail
Remarks:
* Specification APM 1.2 is described in document
"Advanced Power Management (APM) BIOS Specification "
(Revision 1.2), accessible on
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/amp_12.mspx;
besides it is included in known Interrupt List by Ralf Brown
(http://www.pobox.com/~ralf/files.html,
ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/).
======================================================================
=========== Function 50 - installation of form of window. ============
======================================================================
The usual windows represent rectangles. With the help of this function the
window can add the arbitrary form. The form sets by a set of points inside
a framing rectangle concerning to the window. Location and the sizes of
a framing rectangle are set by the function 0 and vary with the function 67.
----------- Installation of data with information on form ------------
Parameters:
* eax = 50 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the given forms (array byte 0/1)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
---------------- Installation of a scale of given form ---------------
Parameters:
* eax = 50 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx sets a scale: each byte of the data defines
(2^scale) * (2^scale) of pixels
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Scale is by default equal 0 (scaling factor 1). If in the given form
of one byte corresponds to one pixel, the scale is possible to not install.
* Let's designate xsize = width of the window (in pixels), ysize = height;
pay attention, that they on unit are more, than installed by
functions 0, 67.
* On definition of a scale xsize and ysize should be divided on 2^scale.
* Byte of the data on offset a should be 0/1 and defines an accessory to
the window of a square with the side 2^scale (at scale=0 we receive
a pixel) and coordinates of the left upper corner
(a mod (xsize shr scale), a div (xsize shr scale))
* Size of the data: (xsize shr scale)*(ysize shr scale).
* Data should be present at memory and not vary after installation
of the form.
* System views the data on the form at everyone redraw of the window
by the function 0.
* Call subfunction 0 with the zero pointer results in return to the
rectangular form.
======================================================================
==================== Function 51 - create thread. ====================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 51 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - sole subfunction
* ecx = address of an entry point thread (begin eip)
* edx = pointer of the stack thread (begin esp)
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - error (In the system it is too much threads)
* differently eax = TID - identifier thread
======================================================================
== Function 52, subfunction 0 - get configuration of network driver. =
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = double word of the configuration
Remarks:
* Word of the configuration can be installed subfunction 2.
* Kernel does not use an appropriate variable. The value of this variable
and working with it(her) subfunctions 0 and 2 is represented doubtful.
======================================================================
========= Function 52, subfunction 1 - get local IP address. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = IP-address (4 bytes)
Remarks:
* Local IP-address is installed subfunction 3.
======================================================================
Function 52, subfunction 2 - install configuration of network driver.
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = Double word of the configuration; if the low 7 bits will derivate
number 3, it is perceived as call about reinitialization
of a Ethernet-map, otherwise Ethernet is switched off
Returned value:
* if not the Ethernet-interface is requested, comes back eax=2,
but it can vary in the future versions of a kernel
* if the Ethernet-interface is requested, eax=0 means an error
(absence of a Ethernet-map), and non-zero value - success
Remarks:
* Word of the configuration can be read subfunction 0.
* Kernel does not use an appropriate variable. The value of this variable,
subfunction 0 and part subfunction 2, installing this variable,
is represented doubtful.
======================================================================
========= Function 52, subfunction 3 - set local IP-address. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = IP-address (4 bytes)
Returned value:
* Current realization returns eax=3, but it can be changed
in the future versions
Remarks:
* Local IP-address can be received subfunction 1.
======================================================================
= Function 52, subfunction 6 - add data in stack of an input queue. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* edx = size of the data
* esi = pointer on the data
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - error
* eax = 0 - successfully
Remarks:
* This function is intended only for slow network drivers (PPP, SLIP).
* Size of the data should not exceed 1500 bytes, though checks
of a correctness is not done(made).
======================================================================
====================== Function 52, subfunction 8 ====================
============== Read given from a network output queue. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* esi = pointer on the buffer by a size of 1500 bytes
Returned value:
* eax = Number read byte (in current implementation or
0 = there are no data, or 1500)
* data are copied in the buffer
Remarks:
* This function is intended only for slow network drivers (PPP, SLIP).
======================================================================
=========== Function 52, subfunction 9 - get gateway IP. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 9 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = gateway IP (4 bytes)
======================================================================
========= Function 52, subfunction 10 - get mask of a subnet. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 10 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = mask of a subnet
======================================================================
========= Function 52, subfunction 11 - install gateway IP. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 11 - number subfunction
* ecx = gateway IP (4 bytes)
Returned value:
* current realization returns eax=11, but it can be changed in the
future realizations
======================================================================
====== Function 52, subfunction 12 - install mask of a subnet. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 12 - number subfunction
* ecx = mask of a subnet
Returned value:
* Current realization returns eax=12, but it can be changed
in the future versions
======================================================================
============ Function 52, subfunction 13 - get DNS IP. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 13 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = DNS IP (4 bytes)
======================================================================
=========== Function 52, subfunction 14 - install DNS IP. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 52 - number of the function
* ebx = 14 - number subfunction
* ecx = DNS IP (4 bytes)
Returned value:
* Current realization returns eax=14, but it can be changed
in the future versions
======================================================================
============ Function 53, subfunction 0 - open UDP-socket. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
* ecx = local port (is taken into account only low word)
* edx = remote port (is taken into account only low word)
* esi = remote IP
Returned value:
* eax = -1 = 0xFFFFFFFF - error; ebx fail
* eax = socket number (some number unambiguously identifying socket and
having sense only for the system) - successfully
ebx fail
======================================================================
============ Function 53, subfunction 1 - close UDP-socket. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = socket number
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - incorrect number
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* The current realization does not close automatically all sockets thread
at its completion. In particular, it is not necessary to kill thread
with a heap open sockets - there will be an outflow of resources.
* The current realization does not do checks on a correctness
(sole, to what the attempt comes back error, - to close not open socket
with correct number).
======================================================================
============== Function 53, subfunction 2 - poll socket. =============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = socket number
Returned value:
* eax = number getting bytes
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Checks of a correctness is not done.
======================================================================
======== Function 53, subfunction 3 - read byte from socket. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = number socket
Returned value:
* if there are no accepted data: eax=0, bl=0, the other bits ebx fail
* If there were accepted data: eax = number stayed byte (is possible, 0),
bl = read byte, the other bits ebx fail
Remarks:
* Checks of a correctness is not done.
======================================================================
======== Function 53, subfunction 4 - write in UDP-socket. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* ecx = number socket
* edx = number bytes for writing
* esi = pointer on data for writing
Returned value:
* eax = 0xffffffff - incorrect number
* eax = 0xffff - lack of memory
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Check on valid number is minimum - are eliminated only not so incorrect
not open numbers.
* Number bytes for writing can not exceed 1500-28, though appropriate
check is not done.
======================================================================
============ Function 53, subfunction 5 - open TCP-socket. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* ecx = local port (is taken into account only low word)
* edx = remote port (is taken into account only low word)
* esi = remote IP
* edi = mode of opening: SOCKET_PASSIVE=0 or SOCKET_ACTIVE=1
Returned value:
* eax = -1 = 0xFFFFFFFF - error; ebx fail
* eax = number socket (some number unambiguously identifying socket
and having sense only for the system) - successfully; ebx fails
======================================================================
======== Function 53, subfunction 6 - get status TCP-socket. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx = number socket
Returned value:
* eax = status socket: one of
* TCB_LISTEN = 1
* TCB_SYN_SENT = 2
* TCB_SYN_RECEIVED = 3
* TCB_ESTABLISHED = 4
* TCB_FIN_WAIT_1 = 5
* TCB_FIN_WAIT_2 = 6
* TCB_CLOSE_WAIT = 7
* TCB_CLOSING = 8
* TCB_LAST_ASK = 9
* TCB_TIME_WAIT = 10
* TCB_CLOSED = 11
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Checks of a correctness is not made.
======================================================================
========== Function 53, subfunction 7 - write in TCP-socket. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
* ecx = number socket
* edx = number bytes for writing
* esi = pointer on data for writing
Returned value:
* eax = 0xffffffff - error
* eax = 0xffff - lack of memory
* eax = 0 - successfully
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Check on valid number is minimum - are eliminated only not so incorrect
not open numbers.
* Number bytes for writing can not exceed 1500-40, though appropriate
check is not done.
======================================================================
============ Function 53, subfunction 8 - close TCP-socket. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = number socket
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - incorrect number
* eax = 0xffff - lack of memory for the package of closing socket
* eax = 0 - successfully
* in many cases eax fails (comes back the result of the function queue) -
probably , is an error, which will be corrected
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* The current realization does not close automatically all sockets thread
at its completion. In particular, it is not necessary to kill thread
with a heap open sockets - there will be an outflow of resources.
* The current realization does not do checks on a correctness
(sole, to what the attempt comes back error, - to close not open socket
with correct number).
======================================================================
======== Function 53, subfunction 9 - check - local port is free =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 9 - number subfunction
* ecx = number of a local port (the low 16 bits are used only)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - port is used
* eax = 1 - port is free
* ebx fail
======================================================================
Function 53, subfunction 255 - debug information of network driver. =
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 53 - number of the function
* ebx = 255 - number subfunction
* ecx = type of requested information (see below)
Returned value:
* eax = requested information
* ebx fail
Possible values ecx:
* 100: length of queue 0 (empty queue)
* 101: length of queue 1 (ip-out queue)
* 102: length of queue 2 (ip-in queue)
* 103: length of queue 3 (net1out queue)
* 200: number of units in the table ARP
* 201: a size of the table ARP (in units) (20 in the current version)
* 202: read a unit edx of the table ARP in the temporary buffer,
whence take the information 5 subsequent types;
in this case eax is not defined
* 203: IP-address saved by the type 202
* 204: high dword of MAC-address saved by the type 202
* 205: low word of MAC-address saved by the type 202
* 206: a word of the status saved by the type 202
* 207: a word ttl, saved by the type 202
* 2: a total number of the obtained IP-packages
* 3: a total number of the transferred(handed) IP-packages
* 4: a total number dumps of the obtained packages
* 5: a total number of the obtained ARP-packages
* 6: the status of the driver of packages, 0 = is inactive,
non-zero value = is active
======================================================================
========== Function 55, subfunction 0 - load data for SB16. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 55 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on the data (is copied 64 kilobytes, is used so much,
how many is installed subfunction 2)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Format and size of data are installed subfunction 2.
======================================================================
===== Function 55, subfunction 1 - begin to play data on SB16. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 55 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Previously data should be loaded subfunction 0 and their format
subfunction 2 is defined.
* Function returns handle, when playing the data began; after that the
playing goes irrespective of the application (and at all does not
require loading the processor).
* Previously should be defined a base port SB16 (subfunction 4 functions 21)
and channel DMA (subfunction 10 functions 21).
======================================================================
====== Function 55, subfunction 2 - install a data format SB16. ======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 55 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = 0 - install a digit capacity
* edx = 1 - 8 bits mono
* edx = 2 - 8 bits stereo
* ecx = 1 - install a size of data
* edx = size in bytes
* ecx = 2 - install frequency of playing
* edx = frequency
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* At loading the system the following default settings are installed:
a digit capacity - 8 bits mono, size - 64 KB, frequency 44100 Hz.
Nevertheless it is recommended obviously to install necessary values,
as they could be reinstalled by any program.
======================================================================
====================== Function 55, subfunction 55 ===================
=============== Begin to play data on built speaker. =================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 55 - number of the function
* ebx = 55 - number subfunction
* esi = pointer on the data
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 55 - error (speaker is disconnected or occupied)
Data is an array of units of a variable length.
Format of each unit is defined in first byte:
* 0 = end of data
* 1..0x80 = sets duration of sounding in 1/100 of second of note
defined by direct value of frequency
* following word (2 bytes) is contained by a divider of frequency;
the frequency is defined as 1193180/divider
* 0x81 = invalid
* 0x82..0xFF = note defined by octave and number:
* duration in 1/100 of second = (first byte) - 0x81
* there is one more byte;
* (second byte) = 0xFF - pause
* differently it looks like a*0x10+b, where b=number of the note
in an octave from 1 up to 12, a=number of an octave (beginning from 0)
Remarks:
* Speaker play can be disable /enable subfunction 8 functions 18.
* Function returns handle, having informed where follows the information
on play. Playing goes irrespective of the program.
* Data should be saved in memory at least up to the end of playing.
======================================================================
================ Function 56 - write file to hard disk. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 56 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on a filename
* ecx = size data for writing (in bytes)
* edx = pointer on data for writing
* esi = pointer on path (ASCIIZ-string)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete; the function 70 allows to fulfil the same
operations with the extended possibilities.
* Given function assumes, that during its call one application any other
application does not work with the hard disk.
* Path to the file - ASCIIZ-string, which can be empty (if the file creates
in the root) or to have the format /d1/d2/ .../dn, where all names of
directories should have the format 8+3, i.e. 8 characters of a name
and 3 characters of the extension without a separator if necessary
supplemented by blanks; all characters should be capital.
* Name to the file also should have the format 8+3.
======================================================================
============== Function 58 - ðàáîòà ñ ôàéëîâîé ñèñòåìîé. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully; differently error code of a file system
* depending on subfunction the value and in other registers can come back
Common format of information structure:
* +0: dword: number subfunction
* +4: dword: number of block
* +8: dword: size
* +12 = +0xC: dword: pointer on data
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on memory for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: n db: ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Specifications - in documentation on appropriate subfunction.
Filename is insensitive to the register of latin characters,
russian characters should be capital.
Format of a filename:
/base/number/dir1/dir2/.../dirn/file,
where /base/number identifies the device, on which the file is searched:
one of
* /RD/1 = /RAMDISK/1 for access to ramdisk
* /FD/1 = /FLOPPYDISK/1 for access to first floppy - drive,
/FD/2 = /FLOPPYDISK/2 for second floppy - drive
* /HD/x = /HARDDISK/x - out-of-date variant of access to the hard disk
(in this case base is defined subfunction 7 functions 21),
x - number of partition (beginning from 1)
* /HD0/x, /HD1/x, /HD2/x, /HD3/x for access accordingly
to devices IDE0 (Primary Master), IDE1 (Primary Slave),
IDE2 (Secondary Master), IDE3 (Secondary Slave);
x - number of partition on selected hard disk, varies from 1 up to 255
(on each of hard disks the indexing starts with 1)
Remarks:
* In first two cases usage FIRST instead of 1, SECOND instead of 2 is
admitted, but to use this possibility it is not recommended for
convenience of transition on the future extensions.
* Imposed limitation n<=39.
* Names of folders and file dir1..., dirn, file should be in the format 8.3:
a name no more than 8 characters, point, extension no more than 3
characters. The tail blanks are ignored. Other blanks be does not owe.
If the name occupies equally 8 characters, the point can be omitted
(though to use it it is not recommended for convenience of transition
on the future extensions).
Examples:
* '/RAMDISK/FIRST/KERNEL.ASM',0
'/rd/1/kernel.asm',0
* '/HD0/1/kernel.asm',0
* '/hd0/1/menuet/pics/tanzania.bmp',0
Accessible subfunction:
* subfunction 0 - reading of a file/folder
* subfunction 1 - overwriting of the file
* subfunction 2 - deleting of a file/folder
* subfunction 3 - writing data in the existing file
* subfunction 4 - creation of a folder
* subfunction 5 - renaming/moving of a file/folder
* subfunction 8 - LBA-reading from the device
* subfunction 12 - definition of a file size
* subfunction 13 - definition of attributes of a file/folder
* subfunction 14 - definition of date/time of a file/folder
* subfunction 15 - obtaining of the information about a file system
* subfunction 16 - start of the application
======================================================================
======= Function 58, subfunction 0 - reading of a file/folder. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 0 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: number of block for reading (beginning from 0)
* +8: dword: éuantity blocks for reading
* +12 = +0xC: dword: pointer on the buffer, where the data will be written
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on the buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx = file size (in bytes) or
-1=0xffffffff, if the file is not retrieved
Remarks:
* Size of block - 512 bytes.
* This function is obsolete, for reading files use subfunction 0
functions 70, for reading folders - subfunction of 1 function 70.
* Function allows to read contents of a folder. From file systems is
supported only FAT. The format of a FAT-folder is described in any
documentation on FAT.
* Size of a folder is defined on a size of a chain of clusters in FAT.
* If the file was terminated earlier, than last requested block was read,
the function will read, how many can, then will return eax=6 (EOF).
* Function allows to read root folders /rd/1, /fd/x, /hd [n] /x, but
in first two cases the current implementation does not follow the
installed rules:
for /rd/1:
* if 0 blocks for reading are indicated, it is considered,
that is requested 1;
* if is requested more than 14 blocks or the initial block is not
less 14, comes back eax=5 (not found) and ebx =-1;
* size of the root ramdisk = 14 blocks, 0x1C00=7168 bytes; but comes
back ebx=0 (except for a case of the previous item);
* strangely enough, it is possible to read 14 block (there, generally
speaking, garbage - I remind, the score carries on with 0);
* if one block with number, not smaller 14 was requested even,
comes back eax=6 (EOF); differently eax=0.
for /fd/x:
* if the initial block is not less 14, comes back eax=5 (not found)
and ebx=0;
* by the way speaking, the format FAT12 admits diskettes with a size
of the root less or more than 14 blocks;
* checks of length is not done;
* if it was possible to read given with a diskette, comes back eax=0,
ebx=0; otherwise eax=10 (access denied), ebx =-1.
* Function handles reading special folders /, /rd, /fd, /hd [n]; but the
result does not correspond expected (on operation with usual
files/folders), does not follow the installed rules, can vary in the
following versions of a kernel and consequently is not described.
For obtaining the information about the equipment use subfunction 11
functions 18 or read appropriate folders subfunction of 1 function 70.
======================================================================
======== Function 58, subfunction 1 - overwriting of the file. =======
======================================================================
If the file does not exist, it creates.
If the file exists, it is rewritten.
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 1 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: ignored (install in 0)
* +8: dword: number bytes for writing
* +12 = +0xC: dword: pointer on data for çàïèñè
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete, use subfunction 2 functions 70.
======================================================================
====== Function 58, subfunction 2 - deleting of a file/folder. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 2 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: ignored
* +8: dword: ignored
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ignored
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* By operation with a diskette it is not necessary to delete a nonblank
folder. The code of operation with the hard disk nonblank folders
deletes correctly (i.e. recursively with all files and nested folders).
Ramdisk of folders does not support.
======================================================================
=== Function 58, subfunction 3 - writing data in the existing file ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 3 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: initial position in the file; -1 = to add in the end
* +8: dword: number bytes for writing
* +12 = +0xC: dword: pointer on data for writing
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Ramdisk and the diskettes do not support this function,
it only for hard disks.
* File should already exist (differently comes back 5, not found).
For creation of files use subfunction 1.
* If the initial position is more than a file size, comes back eax=6 (EOF).
If the finite position is more than a file size, the file extends.
* Code of processing of data writing for the hard disk interpretes zero
value of a field +8 as the instruction of a truncation of the file
up to a size indicated in a field +4. However code of processing of
58-th function locks this possibility for the applications, at once
returning handle (with eax=0) in case of a zero size.
======================================================================
======== Function 58, subfunction 4 - creation of a folder. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 4 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: ignored
* +8: dword: ignored
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ignored
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Ramdisk and the diskettes do not support this function,
it only for hard disks.
======================================================================
=== Function 58, subfunction 5 - renaming/moving of a file/folder. ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 5 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: ignored
* +8: dword: ignored
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ignored
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
* +20+n: (at once after a completing null character) new ASCIIZ-name,
should start with /hd/1, that is interpreted as the hard disk
indicated in the first name
(moving from one disk on another is not supported)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Ramdisk and the diskettes do not support this function,
it only for hard disks.
* If new ASCIIZ-name strongly incorrect, i.e. does not start with /hd/1,
/hd/first, /harddisk/1, /harddisk/first or after that beginnings there
is a blank or character with the code 0, the function returns, strangely
enough, error code 4. Is the sole function, which in general returns
this code.
======================================================================
====== Function 58, subfunction 8 - LBA-reading from the device. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 8 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: number of the block for reading (beginning from 0)
* +8: dword: ignored (install in 1)
* +12 = +0xC: dword: pointer on buffer, where data will be written
(512 bytes)
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the device: is not sensitive to the register,
one of /rd/1 = /RamDisk/1, /hd/n = /HardDisk/n,
1<=n<=4 - number of device: 1=IDE0, ..., 4=IDE3.
Instead of digits is admitted, though usage 'first', 'second', 'third',
'fourth' is not recommended for convenience of transition on the future
extensions.
Returned value:
* if device name /hd/xxx is indicated, where xxx is not in list above:
* eax = ebx = 1
* if the incorrect device name is indicated
(except for the previous case):
* eax = 5
* ebx does not vary
* if the LBA-access is prohibited subfunction 11 functions 21:
* eax = 2
* ebx fail
* for ramdisk attempt of reading of the block outside ramdisk
(18*2*80 blocks) results to
* eax = 3
* ebx = 0
* at successful reading:
* eax = ebx = 0
Remarks:
* Size of the block - 512 bytes; one block is read.
* It is not necessary to rely on returned value, it can vary in
the following versions.
* It is required, that the LBA-access to devices subfunction 11 functions 21
should be allowed. Find out it it is possible by call
subfunction 11 functions 26.
* LBA-reading of a diskette is not supported.
* Function reads out the data of the physical hard disk; if for any reasons
the data of the concrete unit are necessary, will come to define initial
sector of this unit (or directly through MBR, or from the extended
structure returned same subfunction 11 functions 18).
* Function the error code of the hard disk does not check, so search of
nonexistent sector all the same something will read (more probably
everything, zero, but it is defined by the device) and it will be
considered as success (eax=0).
=============================================================================
= Function 58, subfunction 15 - obtaining of information about a file system.
=============================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 15 = number of the function
* +4: dword: ignored
* +8: dword: ignored
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ignored
* +16 = +0x10: dword: ignored
* +20 = +0x14: (second character is checked only, at once after /)
/rd=/RAMDISK or /hd=/HARDDISK
Returned value:
* If second character does not belong to set {'r','R','h','H'}:
* eax = 3
* ebx = ecx = dword [fileinfo] = 0
* for ramdisk:
* eax = 0 (success)
* ebx = total number of clusters = 2847
* ecx = number of free clusters
* dword [fileinfo] = cluster size = 512
* for the hard disk: base and partition are defined
subfunctions 7 and 8 functions 21:
* eax = 0 (success)
* ebx = total number of clusters
* ecx = number of free clusters
* dword [fileinfo] = cluster size (in bytes)
Remarks:
* Be not surprised to strange layout of 4-th returned parameter - when this
code was written, at system calls to the application the registers eax,
ebx, ecx (from pushad-structure transmitted as argument to the system
function) came back only. Now it is corrected, so, probably, it is
meaningful to return a cluster size in edx, while this function have
not begun to use
* Generally still exists subfunction 11 functions 18, returning the
information on a file system. Under the extended table of a disk
subsystem it is possible to define a cluster size (there it is stored
in sectors) and total number of clusters for hard disks.
======================================================================
======== Function 58, subfunction 16 - start of application. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 58 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 16 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: Field of flags:
* bit 0: to start the process as debugged
* other bits are reserved and should be installed in 0
* +8: dword: 0 or pointer on ASCIIZ-string with parameters
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ignored
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer for system operation
(4096 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
Returned value:
* eax > 0 - program is loaded, eax contains PID
* eax < 0 - has taken place error, -eax contains an error code
of a file system
Remarks:
* This function is obsolete, use subfunction 7 functions 70.
* Command line should be ended by the character with the code 0
(ASCIIZ-strings); it are taken into account or all characters up to
completing zero inclusively, or the first 256 characters, that are less.
* If the process is started as debugged, it creates in the frozen status;
for start use subfunction 5 functions 69.
======================================================================
======== Function 59 - get information on last system calls. =========
======================================================================
Get data on all system calls of all processes.
Parameters:
* eax = 59 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - sole subfunction
* ecx = pointer on buffer
* edx = size of buffer
Returned value:
* eax = total number of system calls made from moment
of loading system (modulo 2^32)
* ebx = 0
Format of information about one call: (size = 0x40 = 64 bytes)
* +0: dword: PID process/thread
* +4: 7*dword: garbage
* +32 = +0x20: dword: value edi by call
* +36 = +0x24: dword: esi
* +40 = +0x28: dword: ebp
* +44 = +0x2C: dword: pointer of stack of kernel handler
* +48 = +0x30: dword: ebx
* +52 = +0x34: dword: edx
* +56 = +0x38: dword: ecx
* +60 = +0x3C: dword: eax (=number system function)
Remarks:
* Function is used only in the application systrace. It is rather difficult
to present a situation, in which this application or this function are
really useful, and all system calls for support of this function are a
little decelerated (though and not strongly)...
* In this connection there is a sentence support of this function from
a kernel to remove absolutely, together with the application systrace.
* Information on system calls is saved in system ring buffer
on 0x10 of inputs.
This function simply copies the indicated size given from the mentioned
buffer to the indicated address.
* To what from inputs in the buffer corresponds to last call, it is possible
to define on value eax, namely,
input (eax and 0xF) (on offset (eax and 0xF) *0x40).
* In current implementation the seldom meeting problems of
unsynchronization are possible, when about some calls the
information becomes outdated.
* Under the system buffer the page, 4 KB is allocated.
Size of an input = 64 bytes.
Why 16 inputs - not clearly are used only.
* Value esp at moment of system call by this function cannot be found out.
* Checks of a correctness edx in current implementation is not done.
======================================================================
=========== Function 60 - Inter Process Communication (IPC). ==========
======================================================================
IPC is applied to sendings the messages from one process / thread to another.
Thus it is necessary previously to agree how to interpreted
the concrete message.
-------- Subfunction 1 - install area for obtaining IPC ---------
Is called by the process - receiver.
Parameters:
* eax = 60 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer on buffer
* edx = size of buffer
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - always successfully
Ôîðìàò IPC-áóôåðà:
* +0: dword: if here not 0, the buffer is considered disabled; lock/unblock
the buffer, when you with it actively work also to you it is necessary,
that the data of the buffer from the outside varied
(the new messages) not acted
* +4: dword: occupied place in the buffer (in bytes)
* +8: first message
* +8+n: second message
* ...
Format of message:
* +0: dword: PID of process / thread which has transmitted the message
* +4: dword: length of the message (not including this header)
* +8: n*byte: data messages
--------------- Subfunction 2 - transmit message IPC. ----------------
Is called by the process - initiator.
Parameters:
* eax = 60 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = PID of receiver
* edx = pointer on message data
* esi = length of message (in bytes)
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - receiver has not defined buffer for IPC-messages
(can be, was not in time yet, and there can be, it not that thread,
which is necessary)
* eax = 2 - receiver has blocked the IPC-buffer; try slightly to wait
* eax = 3 - overflow of IPC-buffer of receiver
* eax = 4 - process/thread with such PID does not exist
Remarks:
* System at once after writing the IPC-message in the buffer dispatches
to stream - receiver event with the code 7 (see codes of events).
======================================================================
==== Function 61 - get parameters for direct access to a graphics. ===
======================================================================
Data of graphics screen are accessible to program (area of memory, which purely
also displays contents of screen) directly without calls of system functions
through the selector gs:
mov eax, [gs:0]
will place in eax first dword of buffer containing information on colour
of left upper point (and, probably, colour of several following).
mov [gs:0], eax
by operation in modes VESA c LFB will install colour of left upper point
(and, probably, colour of several following).
Interpretations given of the graphics screen need knowledge of some parameters,
which come back by this function.
Remarks:
* Parameters of a graphics very seldom vary at system operation, namely,
only in cases, when the user works with the program VRR.
* At change of videomode the system redraw all windows
(event with the code 1) and redraw a background (event 5).
Same events occur and in other cases, which meet much more often,
than change of videomode.
* By operation in videomodes with LFB the selector gs specifies on purely
LFB, so reading / writing on gs result directly in change of contents of
the screen. By operation in videomodes without LFB gs specifies some area
of the given kernel, and all functions of output on the screen honesty
fulfil double operation on writing directly on the screen and on
writing in this buffer. In result at reading contents of this buffer the
results correspond to contents of the screen (with, generally speaking,
large colour permission), and writing ignored.
Exception is the mode 320*200, for which in main loop system thread the
upgrade of the screen is fulfilled according to movements
of a mouse pointer.
------------------------- Screen resolution --------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 61 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = [permission on axis x] *65536 + [permission on axis y]
Remarks:
* It is possible to use the function 14 that it returns sizes on 1 less.
It completely equivalent way.
------------------------ Number bits on pixel ------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 61 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number bits on pixel (24 or 32)
------------------------ Number bytes on string ------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 61 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number bytes, which is occupied by one string of the scanning
(horizontal line on the screen)
======================================================================
==== Function 62, subfunction 0 - get version of PCI-interface. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 62 - number of the function
* bl = 0 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - access to PCI is prohibited; differently
* ah.al = version of PCI-interface (ah=version, al=subversion)
* high word eax contains a zero
Remarks:
* Low level access to PCI for applications subfunction 12
functions 21 previously should be allowed.
* If PCI BIOS is not supported, the value ax is not defined.
======================================================================
==== Function 62, subfunction 1 - get number of last PCI-bus. ===
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 62 - number of the function
* bl = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - access to PCI is prohibited; differently
* al = number of last PCI-bus; the stayed bits eax fail
Remarks:
* Low level access to PCI for applications subfunction 12
functions 21 previously should be allowed.
* If PCI BIOS is not supported, the value al is not defined.
======================================================================
====================== Function 62, subfunction 2 ====================
=========== Get mechanism of call to configuration space PCI. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 62 - number of the function
* bl = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - access to PCI is prohibited; differently
* al = mechanism (1 or 2); the other bits eax fail
Remarks:
* Low level access to PCI for applications subfunction 12
functions 21 previously should be allowed.
* Mechanism of call is selected according to characteristics of equipment.
* Subfunctions of reading and writing automatically work with
selected mechanism.
======================================================================
========= Function 62, subfunction 4,5,6 - read PCI-register. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 62 - number of the function
* bl = 4 - read bytes
* bl = 5 - read a word
* bl = 6 - tread a double word
* bh = number of PCI-bus
* ch = dddddfff, where ddddd = number of device on bus,
fff = number of function of device
* cl = number of the register (should be even for bl=5,
be divided on 4 for bl=6)
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - error (prohibited access to PCI
or unsupported parameters); differently
* al/ax/eax (depending on the requested size) contains the data;
the rest of the register eax fail
Remarks:
* Low level access to PCI for applications subfunction 12
functions 21 previously should be allowed.
* Access mechanism 2 supports only 16 devices on the bus and ignores number
of the function. To receive an access mechanism it is possible by call
subfunction 2.
* Some registers are standard and exist for all devices, some are defined
by the concrete device. The list first enters, for example, in known
Interrupt List by Ralf Brown
(http://www.pobox.com/~ralf/files.html,
ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/);
list second should be indicated in documentation on the device.
======================================================================
====== Function 62, subfunction 8,9,10 - write in PCI-register. ======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 62 - number of the function
* bl = 8 - write bytes
* bl = 9 - write a word
* bl = 10 - write a double word
* bh = number of PCI-bus
* ch = dddddfff, where ddddd = number of the device on bus,
fff = number of function of device
* cl = number of register (should be even for bl=9,
be divided on 4 for bl=10)
* dl/dx/edx (depending on requested size) contains given for writing
Returned value:
* eax = -1 - error (prohibited access to PCI or unsupported parameters)
* eax = 0 - successfully
Remarks:
* Low level access to PCI for applications subfunction 12
functions 21 previously should be allowed.
* Access mechanism 2 supports only 16 devices on the bus and ignores number
of the function. To receive an access mechanism it is possible by call
subfunction 2.
* Some registers are standard and exist for all devices, some are defined
by the concrete device. The list first enters, for example, in known
Interrupt List by Ralf Brown;
list second should be indicated in documentation on the device.
======================================================================
============== Function 63 - work with debugging board. ==============
======================================================================
Debugging board represents the system buffer (on 512 bytes), in which any
program can write (generally speaking, arbitrary) data and from which other
program can these data read.
There is an agreement, according to which written given - text strings
interpreted as of the debug message on a course of execution of the program.
The kernel in the defined situations also writes to board of debugging of the
item of information about execution of some functions; under the agreement of
the message of a kernel start with the prefix " K: ".
For review of board of debugging the application board is created which reads
out the data from the buffer and displays them in the window. board understands
a sequence of codes 13,10 as transition on new string
Character with the zero code at the end of string is not mandatory,
but also does not prevent.
As has appeared of the debugger necessity of board of debugging a little has
decreased, as the debugger allows completely to inspect a course of execution
of the program, and for this purpose it is not required of any efforts on the
part of the program. Nevertheless in many cases the board of debugging
continues to remain useful.
---------------------------- Writing of byte ----------------------------
Parameters:
* eax = 63 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* cl = bytes of data
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Byte is written in buffer. Length of buffer - 512 bytes.
At overflow of the buffer all obtained data are lost also filling
starts again with zero.
* For output to board of debugging of more complex objects (strings, numbers)
this function called in cycle suffices. It is possible to not write
manually appropriate code, and to take advantage of the file debug.inc,
included in the distribution kit.
---------------------------- Reading of byte ----------------------------
Takes away bytes from the buffer.
Parameters:
* eax = 63 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = ebx = 0 - buffer is empty
* eax = bytes, ebx = 1 - bytes successfully is read
======================================================================
========== Function 64 - reallocate memory of application. ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 64 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - sole subfunction
* ecx = new size of memory
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - not enough of memory
Remarks:
* At present this function is a sole resource for dynamic
allocation/free of memory for application.
======================================================================
================= Function 66 - work with keyboard. =================
======================================================================
Mode of input influences results of reading of keys by function 2.
At program loading for it ASCII-mode of input is installed.
-------- Subfunction 1 - install a keyboard mode. ---------
Parameters:
* eax = 66 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = mode:
* 0 = normal (ASCII-characters)
* 1 = scancodes
Returned value:
* function does not return value
--------- Subfunction 2 - get a keyboard mode. ----------
Parameters:
* eax = 66 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = current mode
------- Subfunction 3 - get a status of direction keys. --------
Parameters:
* eax = 66 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = bit mask:
* Bit 0 (mask 1): left Shift is pressed
* Bit 1 (mask 2): right Shift is pressed
* Bit 2 (mask 4): left Ctrl is pressed
* Bit 3 (mask 8): right Ctrl is pressed
* Bit 4 (mask 0x10): left Alt is pressed
* Bit 5 (mask 0x20): right Alt is pressed
* Bit 6 (mask 0x40): CapsLock is included
* Bit 7 (mask 0x80): NumLock is included
* Bit 8 (mask 0x100): ScrollLock is included
* The other bits are reset
----- Subfunction 4 - install common system "hotkey". -----
Applications which have installed it are informed only on pressing "hotkey";
the active application (to which acts all normal input) such keys does not get.
Notice consists in sending event with the code 2.
To read "hotkey" it is possible the same as also usual, - function 2.
Parameters:
* eax = 66 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* cl sets scancode of the key;
ãse cl=0 for definition of combinations of a type Ctrl+Shift
* edx = 0xXYZ ûets possible statuses of direction keys:
* Z (low 4 bits) are set by a status of keys LShift and RShift:
* 0 = any of keys should not be pressed;
* 1 = only one of keys is should be pressed;
* 2 = both keys should be pressed;
* 3 = should be pressed LShift, but not RShift;
* 4 = should be pressed RShift, but not LShift
* Y - is similar for LCtrl and RCtrl;
* X - is similar for LAlt and RAlt
Returned value:
* eax=0 - successfully
* eax=1 - too much "hotkey" is admitted (maximal 256)
Remarks:
* Hotkey can work either at pressing, or at release. Scancode of release
of the key on 128 it is more, than scancode of pressing
(i.e. high bit is installed).
* Some applications can install the same combination; all such applications
will be informed on pressing such combination.
------ Subfunction 5 - delete installed "hotkey". -------
Parameters:
* eax = 66 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* cl = scancode of key and edx = 0xXYZ same, as well as in subfunction 4
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - there is no such hotkey
Remarks:
* At completion of process / thread all hotkey, installed by it are deleted.
* Function call does not influence other applications. If other application
has defined same combination, it will receive still notices.
======================================================================
============ Function 67 - change location/sizes of window. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 67 - number of the function
* ebx = new x-coordinate of the window
* ecx = new y-coordinate of the window
* edx = new x-size of the window
* esi = new y-size of the window
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Value -1 for the parameter means "to not change"; for example, for moving
the window without resizing it is possible to specify edx=esi =-1.
* Previously window should be defined by the function 0.
It sets initial coordinates and sizes of the window.
* Sizes of the window are understood in sense of the function 0,
i.e. on one pixel it is less, than real sizes.
* Function call for the maximized windows is simple ignored.
* For windows of appropriate styles a location and/or the sizes can be
changed by the user; current a location and the sizes can be obtained
by function call 9.
* Function dispatches to window event redraw (with the code 1).
======================================================================
== Function 68, subfunction 0 - get the counter of task switchings. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* eax = number of task switchings from the moment of loading the system
(modulo 2^32)
======================================================================
====================== Function 68, subfunction 1 ====================
=========== To switch to the following thread of execution. ==========
======================================================================
Function completes a current time slice allocated to stream,
and switches to the following.(What thread what process will be by the
following, to predict it is impossible).
Later, when up to current thread queue will reach,
the execution will be restored.
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
Returned value:
* function does not return value
======================================================================
============ Function 68, subfunction 2 - cache + rdpmc. =============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = required operation:
* ecx = 0 - to permit execution of the instruction rdpmc
(ReaD Performance-Monitoring Counters)
* ecx = 1 - find out, enabled/disabled cache
* ecx = 2 - enabled cache
* ecx = 3 - disabled cache
Returned value:
* for ecx=0:
* eax = value cr4
* for ecx=1:
* eax = (cr0 and 0x60000000):
* eax = 0 - cache enabled
* eax <> 0 - cache disabled
* for ecx=2 and ecx=3:
* function does not return value
======================================================================
=========== Function 68, subfunction 3 - read MSR-register. ==========
======================================================================
MSR = Model Specific Register; the complete list of the MSR-registers of the
processor contains in documentation on the processor (for example, IA-32 Intel
Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3, Appendix B); each set of
processors has the subset of the MSR-registers.
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx ignored
* edx = address MSR
Returned value:
* ebx:eax = high:low dword of result
Remarks:
* Instruction in ecx nonexistent or non-realized for of the given processor
MSR will entail exception in a kernel, which will kill thread.
* Previously it is necessary to define, whether are supported MSR as a whole,
command cpuid. Differently there will be already other exception in a
kernel, which all the same will kill thread.
======================================================================
========= Function 68, subfunction 4 - çàïèñàòü â MSR-ðåãèñòð. =========
======================================================================
MSR = Model Specific Register; the complete list of the MSR-registers of the
processor contains in documentation on the processor (for example, IA-32 Intel
Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3, Appendix B); each set of
processors has the subset of the MSR-registers.
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* ecx ignored
* edx = address MSR
* esi:edi = high:low dword of result
Returned value:
* ebx:eax = copy esi:edi
Remarks:
* Instruction in ecx nonexistent or non-realized for of the given processor
MSR will entail exception in a kernel, which will kill thread.
* Previously it is necessary to define, whether are supported MSR as a whole,
command cpuid. Differently there will be already other exception in a
kernel, which all the same will kill thread.
======================================================================
======= Function 68, subfunction 5 - allocate physical memory. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* ecx = size (in bytes)
Returned value:
* eax = physical address of allocated memory
Remarks:
* Usual applications should not use this function, it is intended for of a
case, when by operation with any device it is required to place the data
to the known physical address. (In effect, this function was developed for
AC97WAV.)
* Number of blocks of the actual storage is limited (constant 24, and this
constant includes and some memories for of needs of a kernel).
* Free allocated memory it is possible subfunction 6, in copying data
there/back are engaged subfunction 7 and 8.
======================================================================
========= Function 68, subfunction 6 - free physical memory. =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx = physical address of memory
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Usual applications should not use this function, it is intended for of a
case, when by operation with any device it is required to place the data
to the known physical address. (In effect, this function was developed for
AC97WAV.)
* Memory should be earlier allocated subfunction 5.
======================================================================
==== Function 68, subfunction 7 - write data in physical memory. =====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
* ecx = physical address
* edx = pointer on data (in application)
* esi = data size (in bytes)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Usual applications should not use this function, it is intended for of a
case, when by operation with any device it is required to place the data
to the known physical address. (In effect, this function was developed for
AC97WAV.)
* Range of physical addresses should lay inside allocated subfunction 5
blocks of physical memory.
* Checks of a correctness is not made.
======================================================================
==== Function 68, subfunction 8 - read data from physical memory. ====
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 68 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = physical address
* edx = pointer on buffer for data (in application)
* esi = data size (in bytes)
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Usual applications should not use this function, it is intended for of a
case, when by operation with any device it is required to place the data
to the known physical address. (In effect, this function was developed for
AC97WAV.)
* Range of physical addresses should lay inside allocated subfunction 5
blocks of physical memory.
* Checks of a correctness is not made.
======================================================================
====================== Function 69 - debugging. ======================
======================================================================
Process can load other process as debugged by installation of appropriate bit
by call subfunction 16 functions 58. Process can have only one debugger;
one process can debug some processes. System notifies the debugger on events
occurring to the debugged process. Messages are written in the buffer defined
subfunction 0.
Ôîðìàò ñîîáùåíèÿ:
+0: dword: the code of the message
+4: dword: PID of the debugged process
+8: there can be additional data defined by the code of the message
Codes of messages:
* 1 = exception
* in addition transfers dword-number of exception
* process is paused
* 2 = process was completed
* comes at any completion: both through the system function -1,
and at "murder" by any other process (including debugger)
* 3 = debug exception int 1 = #DB
* in addition transfers a dword-image of the register DR6:
* Bits 0-3: the condition of appropriate breakpoint
(installed subfunction 9) is fulfilled
* Bit 14: the exception has taken place because of the mode of step
tracing (the flag TF is installed)
* process is paused
At completion of the debugger all debugged processes are killed.
If the debugger it does not want, it should previously be disabled
subfunction 3.
All subfunction are applicable only to the processes/threads started from
current function 58 with a installed debugging flag.
Debugging of multithread programs is not supported yet.
Full list subfunctions:
* subfunction 0 - define area given for of debug messages
* subfunction 1 - get a status of the registers debugged thread
* subfunction 2 - install a status of the registers debugged thread
* subfunction 3 - disabled from the debugged process
* subfunction 4 - paused debugged thread
* subfunction 5 - restored execution debugged thread
* subfunction 6 - read from memory of the debugged process
* subfunction 7 - write in memory of the debugged process
* subfunction 8 - complete debugged thread
* subfunction 9 - place/remove the hardware point break
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 0 ====================
============= Define area given for of debug messages. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 0 - number subfunction
* ecx = pointer
Format of data area:
* +0: dword: N = size of buffer (not including this header)
* +4: dword: occupied in buffer
* +8: N*byte: buffer
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* If a field of a size negatively, the buffer is considered disabled and
at arrival of the new message the system will wait.
For synchronization frame all operation with the buffer by operations
of the locking/unlocking
neg [bufsize]
* Data in the buffer are treated as the array of units of a variable
length - messages. The format of the message is indicated in
the common description.
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 1 ====================
=========== Get a status of the registers debugged thread. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 1 - number subfunction
* ecx = thread identifier
* edx = length of structure of a context, should be 0x28=40 bytes
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Format of structure of a context: (FPU is not supported yet)
* +0: dword: eip
* +4: dword: eflags
* +8: dword: eax
* +12 = +0xC: dword: ecx
* +16 = +0x10: dword: edx
* +20 = +0x14: dword: ebx
* +24 = +0x18: dword: esp
* +28 = +0x1C: dword: ebp
* +32 = +0x20: dword: esi
* +36 = +0x24: dword: edi
Remarks:
* If thread fulfils the code of a ring-0, the status of the registers
of a ring-3 comes back.
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 2 ======================
======== Install a status of the registers debugged thread. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 2 - number subfunction
* ecx = thread identifier
* edx = length of structure of a context, should be 0x28=40 bytes
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Format of structure of a context is indicated in the description subfunction 1.
Remarks:
* If thread fulfils the code of a 0-ring, the status of the registers
of a 3-ring is installed.
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
== Function 69, subfunction 3 - disabled from the debugged process. ==
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 3 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* If the process was paused, it restores execution.
======================================================================
======== Function 69, subfunction 4 - paused debugged thread. ========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number ïðîöåññà
* ebx = 4 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 5 ====================
================ Restored execution debugged thread. =================
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 5 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 6 ====================
============= Read from memory of the debugged process. ==============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 6 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
* edx = how many bytes to read
* esi = memory address of the debugged process
* edi = pointer on buffer for data
Returned value:
* eax = -1 error (incorrect PID or buffer)
* differently eax = the number read bytes
(is possible, 0, if in esi the too large value)
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
Function 69, subfunction 7 - write in memory of the debugged process.
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 7 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
* edx = how many bytes to write
* esi = memory address of the debugged process
* edi = pointer on data
Returned value:
* eax = -1 error (incorrect PID or buffer)
* differently eax = the number written bytes
(is possible, 0, if in esi the too large value)
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
======================================================================
======= Function 69, subfunction 8 - complete debugged thread. =======
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 8 - number subfunction
* ecx = identifier
Returned value:
* function does not return value
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
* Function is similar subfunction 2 functions 18 with two differences:
the execution of the first remark is required and is accepted PID,
instead of number of the slot.
======================================================================
====================== Function 69, subfunction 9 ====================
=============== Place/remove the hardware point break. ===============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 69 - number of the function
* ebx = 9 - number subfunction
* ecx = thread identifier
* dl = index of breakpoint, from 0 up to 3 inclusively
* dh = flags:
* if high bit is reset - install breakpoint:
* bits 0-1 - condition:
* 00 = breakpoint on execution
* 01 = breakpoint on writing
* 11 = breakpoint on reading/writing
* bits 2-3 - length; for breakpoints on fulfilment should be 00,
otherwise one of
* 00 = bytes
* 01 = word
* 11 = double word
* esi = address of breakpoint; should be aligned according to length
(i.e. should be even for of breakpoints on a word, is multiple 4 for
of a double word)
* if high bit is installed - reset breakpoint
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully
* eax = 1 - error in the input data
* eax = 2 - (reserved, never comes back in current realization)
with this index global breakpoint already is installed
Remarks:
* Process should be loaded for of debugging (as is indicated in
the common description).
* Hardware breakpoints are realized through the DRx-register of the
processor, from here all limitations.
* Function can reinstall the breakpoint, earlier installed to it
(in any way not informing about it).
Carry on the list of the installed breakpoints in the debugger.
* Operation of breakpoint consists in generation of debug exception #DB,
which the system informs to the debugger.
* Breakpoint on writing and reading/writing works after execution of
the instruction, which has called it.
======================================================================
== Function 70 - work with a file system with support of long names. =
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully; differently error code of a file system
* depending on subfunction the value and in other registers can come back
Common format of information structure:
* +0: dword: number subfunction
* +4: dword: offset in the file
* +8: dword: high dword of offset (should be 0) or field of flags
* +12 = +0xC: dword: size
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on data
* +20 = +0x14: n db: ASCIIZ-string with a filename
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Specifications - in documentation on appropriate subfunction.
Filename is insensitive to the register of characters. Russian characters should be written in the coding cp866 (DOS).
Ôîðìàò èìåíè ôàéëà:
/base/number/dir1/dir2/.../dirn/file,
where /base/number Identifies the device, on which the file is searched:
one of
* /RD/1 = /RAMDISK/1 for access to ramdisk
* /FD/1 = /FLOPPYDISK/1 for access to the first floppy-drive,
/FD/2 = /FLOPPYDISK/2 for access to the second floppy-drive
* /HD0/x, /HD1/x, /HD2/x, /HD3/x for access accordingly
to hard disks on IDE0 (Primary Master), IDE1 (Primary Slave),
IDE2 (Secondary Master), IDE3 (Secondary Slave);
x - number of partition on selected hard disk, varies from 1 up to 255
(on each of hard disks partitions starts with 1)
* /CD0/1, /CD1/1, /CD2/1, /CD3/1 for access accordingly
to CD on IDE0 (Primary Master), IDE1 (Primary Slave),
IDE2 (Secondary Master), IDE3 (Secondary Slace)
Examples:
* '/rd/1/kernel.asm',0
* '/HD0/1/kernel.asm',0
* '/hd0/2/menuet/pics/tanzania.bmp',0
* '/hd0/1/Program files/NameOfProgram/SomeFile.SomeExtension',0
Accessible subfunctions:
* subfunction 0 - read file
* subfunction 1 - read folder
* subfunction 2 - create/rewrite file
* subfunction 5 - get file/directory attributes structure
* subfunction 6 - set file/directory attributes structure
* subfunction 7 - start application
======================================================================
= Function 70, subfunction 0 - read file with support of long names. =
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 0 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: position in the file (in bytes)
* +8: dword: 0 (reserved for high dword of a position)
* +12 = +0xC: dword: how many bytes to read
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer, where the data will be written
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx = number read bytes or
-1=0xffffffff, if the file is not retrieved
Remarks:
* If the file was terminated earlier, than last requested block was read,
the function will read, how many can, then will return eax=6 (EOF).
* Function does not allow to read folders
(will return eax=10, access denied).
========================================================================
= Function 70, subfunction 1 - read folder with support of long names. =
========================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 1 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: index of the initial block (beginning from 0)
* +8: dword: field of flags:
* bit 0 (mask 1): in what format to return names,
0=ANSI, 1=UNICODE
* Other bits are reserved and should be installed in 0
for of the future compatibility
* +12 = +0xC: dword: how many blocks to read
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer, where the data will be written,
size of buffer should be not less than 32 + [+12] *560 bytes
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx = number of files, the information about which was written
in the buffer,
or -1=0xffffffff, if the folder is not retrieved
Structure of the buffer:
* +0: 32*byte: header
* +32 = +0x20: n1*byte: block with information on file 1
* +32+n1: n2*byte: block with information on file 2 2
* ...
Structure of header:
* +0: dword: version of structure (current version = 1)
* +4: dword: amount of the placed blocks; it is no more,
than +12 information structures are requested in a field;
can be less, if in a folder the files (same, as in ebx) were terminated
* +8: dword: total number of files in a folder
* +12 = +0xC: 20*byte: reserved (zero)
Structure of data block of input of directory (DBID):
* +0: dword: file attributes:
* áèò 0 (ìàñêà 1): file only for reading
* áèò 1 (ìàñêà 2): file is hidden
* áèò 2 (ìàñêà 4): file is system
* áèò 3 (ìàñêà 8): it not file, it is volume label
(on given partition meets no more once and only in a root folder)
* áèò 4 (ìàñêà 0x10): It is a folder
* áèò 5 (ìàñêà 0x20): file was not archived - many programs of archiving
have an option, on which the files with installed this bit are archived
only, then this bit is dumped(reset) is it can be useful for of automatic
creation of backup-archives, for at recording bit is usually installed
* +4: byte: type of data of a name:
(coincides with bit 0 flags of information structure)
* 0 = ASCII = 1- byte performance of each character
* 1 = UNICODE = 2-byte performance of each character
* +5: 3*byte: reserved (zero)
* +8: 4*byte: time of creation of file
* +12 = +0xC: 4*byte: date of creation of file
* +16 = +0x10: 4*byte: time of last access (reading or writing)
* +20 = +0x14: 4*byte: date of last access
* +24 = +0x18: 4*byte: time of a last modification
* +28 = +0x1C: 4*byte: date of a last modification
* +32 = +0x20: qword: file size in bytes (up to 16777216 Tbytes)
* +40 = +0x28: name
* for of the format ASCII: maximum length of a name 263 characters
(263 bytes), bytes after a name matters 0
* for of the format UNICODE: maximum length of a name 259 characters
(518 bytes), two bytes after a name matter 0
Format of time:
* +0: byte: seconds
* +1: byte: minutes
* +2: byte: hours
* +3: byte: reserved (0)
* For example, 23.59.59 is written as (in hex) 3B 3B 17 00
Format of date:
* +0: byte: day
* +1: byte: month
* +2: word: year
* For example, 25.11.1979 is written as (in hex) 19 0B BB 07
Remarks:
* If in DBID there is a name in ASCII, length makes 304 bytes,
if in UNICODE - 560 bytes. Value of length aligned on whole
multiple 16 bytes (for of acceleration of processing in cache-memory CPU).
* First character after a name zero (ASCIIZ-string).
The further data contain garbage.
* If the files in a folder were terminated earlier, than the requested
amount was read, the function will read, how many can,
then will return eax=6 (EOF).
* Any folder on the disk, except for root, contains two special
inputs(entrances) "." And "..", identifying accordingly folder
and parent folder.
* Function allows also to read virtual folders "/", "/rd", "/fd",
"/hd [n] ", thus the attributes subfolders rely equal 0x10, and the times
and dates are unset. An alternate way of obtaining of the information
about the equipment - subfunction 11 functions 18
======================================================================
====================== Function 70, subfunction 2 ====================
========== Create/rewrite file with support of long names. ===========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 2 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +8: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +12 = +0xC: dword: how many bytes to write
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on data
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx = number written bytes (is possible, 0)
Remarks:
* If the file with such name did not exist, it creates; if existed,
is rewritten.
* If it is not enough of free space on of the disk, the function will write,
how many can, then will return an error code 8.
======================================================================
= Function 70, subfunction 5 - get file/directory attributes structure.
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 5 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +8: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +12 = +0xC: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer, where data will be written (40 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Information on the file comes back in the format DBID
(data block of input of directory), indicated in the description subfunction 1,
but without a filename (only first 40 = 0x28 bytes).
Remarks:
* Function does not support virtual folders such as /, /rd
and root folders such as /rd/1.
======================================================================
= Function 70, subfunction 6 - set file/directory attributes structure.
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 6 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +8: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +12 = +0xC: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +16 = +0x10: dword: pointer on buffer with attributes (32 bytes)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - successfully, differently error code of a file system
* ebx fail
File attributes - first 32 bytes in DBID (data block of input of directory),
which format is indicated in the description subfunction 1
(that is without a name and file size). Attribute the file/folder/volume label
(bits 3,4 in dword +0) does not vary.
Byte +4 (format of a name) ignored.
Remarks:
* Function does not support virtual folders such as /, /rd
and root folders such as /rd/1.
======================================================================
============ Function 70, subfunction 7 - start application. ============
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 70 - number of the function
* ebx = pointer on information structure
Format of information structure:
* +0: dword: 7 = number subfunction
* +4: dword: field of flags:
* áèò 0: to start the process as debugged
* other bits are reserved and should be installed in 0
* +8: dword: 0 or pointer on ASCIIZ-string with parameters
* +12 = +0xC: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +16 = +0x10: dword: 0 (reserved)
* +20 = +0x14: ASCIIZ-name of the file, the rules of creation of names
are indicated in the common description
or
* +20 = +0x14: db 0
* +21 = +0x15: dd pointer on ASCIIZ-string with a filename
Returned value:
* eax > 0 - program is loaded, eax contains PID
* eax < 0 - has taken place error,
-eax contains an error code of a file system
* ebx fail
Remarks:
* Command line should be ended by the character with the code 0
(ASCIIZ-strings); it are taken into account or all characters up to
completing zero inclusively, or the first 256 characters, that are less.
* If the process is started as debugged, it creates in the frozen status;
for of start use subfunction 5 functions 69.
======================================================================
=========== Function 71, subfunction 1 - set window caption ==========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = 71 - function number
* ebx = 1 - subfunction number
* eáx = caption string address
Returned value:
* eax = 0 - caption changed successfully
* eax = 1 - error occured
Remarks:
* String should be in ASCIIZ format. Disregarding real string length,
no more than 255 chars will be wrawn.
* Pass NULL in ecx to remove caption
======================================================================
========== Function -1 - complete execution of thread/proces =========
======================================================================
Parameters:
* eax = -1 - number of the function
Returned value:
* function does not return neither value, nor handle
Remarks:
* If the process obviously did not create streams, it has only one thread,
which completion results in completion of the process.
* If current thread - last in process, its completion also results
in completion of the process.
* This function completes current thread. Another thread
is possible kill by call subfunction 2 functions 18.
======================================================================
=========================== List of events ===========================
======================================================================
Next event is possible get by call of one from functions 10 (to expect event),
11 (to check up without waiting), 23 (to expect during the given time).
These functions return only those events, which enter into a mask installed by
the function 40. By default it is first three, that there is enough for of many
applications of.
Codes of events:
* 1 = message about redraw (is reset at function call 0)
* 2 = key on keyboard is pressed (acts, only when the window is active)
or "hotkey" is pressed; is reset, when all keys from the buffer are read
out by the function 2
* 3 = button is pressed, defined earlier by function 8(or buttons of closing,
created implicitly by function 0 is pressed; the button of minimization is
handled by the system and about it of the message does not come; acts, only
when the window is active; is reset, when all buttons from the buffer are
read out by the function 17)
* 4 = reserved (in current implementation never comes even at unmasking
by the function 40)
* 5 = redraw the background of a desktop (is reset automatically after
redraw, so if in time redraw of a background the program does not wait
and does not check event, this event it will not remark)
* 6 = event from the mouse (something happened - pressing a mouse button
or moving; is reset at reading)
* 7 = there was an event IPC (look the function 60 - Inter Process
Communication; is reset at reading)
* 8 = there was a network event (is reset at reading; look operation
with the network)
* 9 = there was a debug event (is reset at reading; look a debug subsystem)
* 16..31 = there was an event with appropriate IRQ
(16=IRQ0, 31=IRQ15) (is reset at reading all data IRQ)
======================================================================
==================== Error codes of a file system ====================
======================================================================
* 0 = successfully
* 1 = base and/or partition of the hard disk is not defined
(subfunctions 7, 8 functions 21)
* 2 = function is not supported for of the given file system
(comes back in case of attempt of LBA-reading at prohibited LBA)
* 3 = Unknown file system
* 4 = comes back only by function rename by transmission of the strongly
incorrect parameter and in any way does not correspond to the description
in sources of a kernel " partition not defined at hd "
* 5 = file is not retrieved
* 6 = file was completed
* 7 = pointer outside of memory of the application
* 8 = disk is filled
* 9 = table FAT is destroyed
* 10 = access denied
* 11 = error of the device
At start of the program the following error codes are possible also:
* 30 = 0x1E = not enough of memory
* 31 = 0x1F = file is not application
* 32 = 0x20 = too much processes
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