#include "fitz.h" #include "mupdf.h" enum { PDF_CRYPT_NONE, PDF_CRYPT_RC4, PDF_CRYPT_AESV2, PDF_CRYPT_AESV3, PDF_CRYPT_UNKNOWN, }; typedef struct pdf_crypt_filter_s pdf_crypt_filter; struct pdf_crypt_filter_s { int method; int length; }; struct pdf_crypt_s { fz_obj *id; int v; int length; fz_obj *cf; pdf_crypt_filter stmf; pdf_crypt_filter strf; int r; unsigned char o[48]; unsigned char u[48]; unsigned char oe[32]; unsigned char ue[32]; int p; int encrypt_metadata; unsigned char key[32]; /* decryption key generated from password */ }; static fz_error pdf_parse_crypt_filter(pdf_crypt_filter *cf, fz_obj *dict, char *name, int defaultlength); /* * Create crypt object for decrypting strings and streams * given the Encryption and ID objects. */ fz_error pdf_new_crypt(pdf_crypt **cryptp, fz_obj *dict, fz_obj *id) { pdf_crypt *crypt; fz_error error; fz_obj *obj; crypt = fz_malloc(sizeof(pdf_crypt)); memset(crypt, 0x00, sizeof(pdf_crypt)); /* Common to all security handlers (PDF 1.7 table 3.18) */ obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "Filter"); if (!fz_is_name(obj)) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("unspecified encryption handler"); } if (strcmp(fz_to_name(obj), "Standard") != 0) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("unknown encryption handler: '%s'", fz_to_name(obj)); } crypt->v = 0; obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "V"); if (fz_is_int(obj)) crypt->v = fz_to_int(obj); if (crypt->v != 1 && crypt->v != 2 && crypt->v != 4 && crypt->v != 5) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("unknown encryption version"); } crypt->length = 40; if (crypt->v == 2 || crypt->v == 4) { obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "Length"); if (fz_is_int(obj)) crypt->length = fz_to_int(obj); /* work-around for pdf generators that assume length is in bytes */ if (crypt->length < 40) crypt->length = crypt->length * 8; if (crypt->length % 8 != 0) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("invalid encryption key length"); } if (crypt->length > 256) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("invalid encryption key length"); } } if (crypt->v == 5) crypt->length = 256; if (crypt->v == 1 || crypt->v == 2) { crypt->stmf.method = PDF_CRYPT_RC4; crypt->stmf.length = crypt->length; crypt->strf.method = PDF_CRYPT_RC4; crypt->strf.length = crypt->length; } if (crypt->v == 4 || crypt->v == 5) { crypt->stmf.method = PDF_CRYPT_NONE; crypt->stmf.length = crypt->length; crypt->strf.method = PDF_CRYPT_NONE; crypt->strf.length = crypt->length; obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "CF"); if (fz_is_dict(obj)) { crypt->cf = fz_keep_obj(obj); } else { crypt->cf = NULL; } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "StmF"); if (fz_is_name(obj)) { error = pdf_parse_crypt_filter(&crypt->stmf, crypt->cf, fz_to_name(obj), crypt->length); if (error) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_rethrow(error, "cannot parse stream crypt filter (%d %d R)", fz_to_num(obj), fz_to_gen(obj)); } } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "StrF"); if (fz_is_name(obj)) { error = pdf_parse_crypt_filter(&crypt->strf, crypt->cf, fz_to_name(obj), crypt->length); if (error) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_rethrow(error, "cannot parse string crypt filter (%d %d R)", fz_to_num(obj), fz_to_gen(obj)); } } /* in crypt revision 4, the crypt filter determines the key length */ if (crypt->strf.method != PDF_CRYPT_NONE) crypt->length = crypt->stmf.length; } /* Standard security handler (PDF 1.7 table 3.19) */ obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "R"); if (fz_is_int(obj)) crypt->r = fz_to_int(obj); else { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing revision value"); } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "O"); if (fz_is_string(obj) && fz_to_str_len(obj) == 32) memcpy(crypt->o, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 32); /* /O and /U are supposed to be 48 bytes long for revision 5, they're often longer, though */ else if (crypt->r == 5 && fz_is_string(obj) && fz_to_str_len(obj) >= 48) memcpy(crypt->o, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 48); else { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing owner password"); } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "U"); if (fz_is_string(obj) && fz_to_str_len(obj) == 32) memcpy(crypt->u, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 32); else if (fz_is_string(obj) && fz_to_str_len(obj) >= 48 && crypt->r == 5) memcpy(crypt->u, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 48); else if (fz_is_string(obj) && fz_to_str_len(obj) < 32) { fz_warn("encryption password key too short (%d)", fz_to_str_len(obj)); memcpy(crypt->u, fz_to_str_buf(obj), fz_to_str_len(obj)); } else { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing user password"); } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "P"); if (fz_is_int(obj)) crypt->p = fz_to_int(obj); else { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing permissions value"); } if (crypt->r == 5) { obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "OE"); if (!fz_is_string(obj) || fz_to_str_len(obj) != 32) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing owner encryption key"); } memcpy(crypt->oe, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 32); obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "UE"); if (!fz_is_string(obj) || fz_to_str_len(obj) != 32) { pdf_free_crypt(crypt); return fz_throw("encryption dictionary missing user encryption key"); } memcpy(crypt->ue, fz_to_str_buf(obj), 32); } crypt->encrypt_metadata = 1; obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "EncryptMetadata"); if (fz_is_bool(obj)) crypt->encrypt_metadata = fz_to_bool(obj); /* Extract file identifier string */ if (fz_is_array(id) && fz_array_len(id) == 2) { obj = fz_array_get(id, 0); if (fz_is_string(obj)) crypt->id = fz_keep_obj(obj); } else fz_warn("missing file identifier, may not be able to do decryption"); *cryptp = crypt; return fz_okay; } void pdf_free_crypt(pdf_crypt *crypt) { if (crypt->id) fz_drop_obj(crypt->id); if (crypt->cf) fz_drop_obj(crypt->cf); fz_free(crypt); } /* * Parse a CF dictionary entry (PDF 1.7 table 3.22) */ static fz_error pdf_parse_crypt_filter(pdf_crypt_filter *cf, fz_obj *cf_obj, char *name, int defaultlength) { fz_obj *obj; fz_obj *dict; int is_identity = (strcmp(name, "Identity") == 0); int is_stdcf = (!is_identity && (strcmp(name, "StdCF") == 0)); if (!is_identity && !is_stdcf) { return fz_throw("Crypt Filter not Identity or StdCF (%d %d R)", fz_to_num(cf_obj), fz_to_gen(cf_obj)); } cf->method = PDF_CRYPT_NONE; cf->length = defaultlength; if (cf_obj == NULL) { cf->method = (is_identity ? PDF_CRYPT_NONE : PDF_CRYPT_RC4); return fz_okay; } dict = fz_dict_gets(cf_obj, name); if (!fz_is_dict(dict)) { return fz_throw("cannot parse crypt filter (%d %d R)", fz_to_num(cf_obj), fz_to_gen(cf_obj)); } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "CFM"); if (fz_is_name(obj)) { if (!strcmp(fz_to_name(obj), "None")) cf->method = PDF_CRYPT_NONE; else if (!strcmp(fz_to_name(obj), "V2")) cf->method = PDF_CRYPT_RC4; else if (!strcmp(fz_to_name(obj), "AESV2")) cf->method = PDF_CRYPT_AESV2; else if (!strcmp(fz_to_name(obj), "AESV3")) cf->method = PDF_CRYPT_AESV3; else fz_throw("unknown encryption method: %s", fz_to_name(obj)); } obj = fz_dict_gets(dict, "Length"); if (fz_is_int(obj)) cf->length = fz_to_int(obj); /* the length for crypt filters is supposed to be in bytes not bits */ if (cf->length < 40) cf->length = cf->length * 8; if ((cf->length % 8) != 0) return fz_throw("invalid key length: %d", cf->length); return fz_okay; } /* * Compute an encryption key (PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.2) */ static const unsigned char padding[32] = { 0x28, 0xbf, 0x4e, 0x5e, 0x4e, 0x75, 0x8a, 0x41, 0x64, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x56, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x01, 0x08, 0x2e, 0x2e, 0x00, 0xb6, 0xd0, 0x68, 0x3e, 0x80, 0x2f, 0x0c, 0xa9, 0xfe, 0x64, 0x53, 0x69, 0x7a }; static void pdf_compute_encryption_key(pdf_crypt *crypt, unsigned char *password, int pwlen, unsigned char *key) { unsigned char buf[32]; unsigned int p; int i, n; fz_md5 md5; n = crypt->length / 8; /* Step 1 - copy and pad password string */ if (pwlen > 32) pwlen = 32; memcpy(buf, password, pwlen); memcpy(buf + pwlen, padding, 32 - pwlen); /* Step 2 - init md5 and pass value of step 1 */ fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, buf, 32); /* Step 3 - pass O value */ fz_md5_update(&md5, crypt->o, 32); /* Step 4 - pass P value as unsigned int, low-order byte first */ p = (unsigned int) crypt->p; buf[0] = (p) & 0xFF; buf[1] = (p >> 8) & 0xFF; buf[2] = (p >> 16) & 0xFF; buf[3] = (p >> 24) & 0xFF; fz_md5_update(&md5, buf, 4); /* Step 5 - pass first element of ID array */ fz_md5_update(&md5, (unsigned char *)fz_to_str_buf(crypt->id), fz_to_str_len(crypt->id)); /* Step 6 (revision 4 or greater) - if metadata is not encrypted pass 0xFFFFFFFF */ if (crypt->r >= 4) { if (!crypt->encrypt_metadata) { buf[0] = 0xFF; buf[1] = 0xFF; buf[2] = 0xFF; buf[3] = 0xFF; fz_md5_update(&md5, buf, 4); } } /* Step 7 - finish the hash */ fz_md5_final(&md5, buf); /* Step 8 (revision 3 or greater) - do some voodoo 50 times */ if (crypt->r >= 3) { for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) { fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, buf, n); fz_md5_final(&md5, buf); } } /* Step 9 - the key is the first 'n' bytes of the result */ memcpy(key, buf, n); } /* * Compute an encryption key (PDF 1.7 ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.2a) */ static void pdf_compute_encryption_key_r5(pdf_crypt *crypt, unsigned char *password, int pwlen, int ownerkey, unsigned char *validationkey) { unsigned char buffer[128 + 8 + 48]; fz_sha256 sha256; fz_aes aes; /* Step 2 - truncate UTF-8 password to 127 characters */ if (pwlen > 127) pwlen = 127; /* Step 3/4 - test password against owner/user key and compute encryption key */ memcpy(buffer, password, pwlen); if (ownerkey) { memcpy(buffer + pwlen, crypt->o + 32, 8); memcpy(buffer + pwlen + 8, crypt->u, 48); } else memcpy(buffer + pwlen, crypt->u + 32, 8); fz_sha256_init(&sha256); fz_sha256_update(&sha256, buffer, pwlen + 8 + (ownerkey ? 48 : 0)); fz_sha256_final(&sha256, validationkey); /* Step 3.5/4.5 - compute file encryption key from OE/UE */ memcpy(buffer + pwlen, crypt->u + 40, 8); fz_sha256_init(&sha256); fz_sha256_update(&sha256, buffer, pwlen + 8); fz_sha256_final(&sha256, buffer); // clear password buffer and use it as iv memset(buffer + 32, 0, sizeof(buffer) - 32); aes_setkey_dec(&aes, buffer, crypt->length); aes_crypt_cbc(&aes, AES_DECRYPT, 32, buffer + 32, ownerkey ? crypt->oe : crypt->ue, crypt->key); } /* * Computing the user password (PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.4 and 3.5) * Also save the generated key for decrypting objects and streams in crypt->key. */ static void pdf_compute_user_password(pdf_crypt *crypt, unsigned char *password, int pwlen, unsigned char *output) { if (crypt->r == 2) { fz_arc4 arc4; pdf_compute_encryption_key(crypt, password, pwlen, crypt->key); fz_arc4_init(&arc4, crypt->key, crypt->length / 8); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, output, padding, 32); } if (crypt->r == 3 || crypt->r == 4) { unsigned char xor[32]; unsigned char digest[16]; fz_md5 md5; fz_arc4 arc4; int i, x, n; n = crypt->length / 8; pdf_compute_encryption_key(crypt, password, pwlen, crypt->key); fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, padding, 32); fz_md5_update(&md5, (unsigned char*)fz_to_str_buf(crypt->id), fz_to_str_len(crypt->id)); fz_md5_final(&md5, digest); fz_arc4_init(&arc4, crypt->key, n); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, output, digest, 16); for (x = 1; x <= 19; x++) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) xor[i] = crypt->key[i] ^ x; fz_arc4_init(&arc4, xor, n); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, output, output, 16); } memcpy(output + 16, padding, 16); } if (crypt->r == 5) { pdf_compute_encryption_key_r5(crypt, password, pwlen, 0, output); } } /* * Authenticating the user password (PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.6 * and ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.11) * This also has the side effect of saving a key generated * from the password for decrypting objects and streams. */ static int pdf_authenticate_user_password(pdf_crypt *crypt, unsigned char *password, int pwlen) { unsigned char output[32]; pdf_compute_user_password(crypt, password, pwlen, output); if (crypt->r == 2 || crypt->r == 5) return memcmp(output, crypt->u, 32) == 0; if (crypt->r == 3 || crypt->r == 4) return memcmp(output, crypt->u, 16) == 0; return 0; } /* * Authenticating the owner password (PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.7 * and ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.12) * Generates the user password from the owner password * and calls pdf_authenticate_user_password. */ static int pdf_authenticate_owner_password(pdf_crypt *crypt, unsigned char *ownerpass, int pwlen) { unsigned char pwbuf[32]; unsigned char key[32]; unsigned char xor[32]; unsigned char userpass[32]; int i, n, x; fz_md5 md5; fz_arc4 arc4; if (crypt->r == 5) { /* PDF 1.7 ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.12 */ pdf_compute_encryption_key_r5(crypt, ownerpass, pwlen, 1, key); return !memcmp(key, crypt->o, 32); } n = crypt->length / 8; /* Step 1 -- steps 1 to 4 of PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.3 */ /* copy and pad password string */ if (pwlen > 32) pwlen = 32; memcpy(pwbuf, ownerpass, pwlen); memcpy(pwbuf + pwlen, padding, 32 - pwlen); /* take md5 hash of padded password */ fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, pwbuf, 32); fz_md5_final(&md5, key); /* do some voodoo 50 times (Revision 3 or greater) */ if (crypt->r >= 3) { for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) { fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, key, 16); fz_md5_final(&md5, key); } } /* Step 2 (Revision 2) */ if (crypt->r == 2) { fz_arc4_init(&arc4, key, n); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, userpass, crypt->o, 32); } /* Step 2 (Revision 3 or greater) */ if (crypt->r >= 3) { memcpy(userpass, crypt->o, 32); for (x = 0; x < 20; x++) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) xor[i] = key[i] ^ (19 - x); fz_arc4_init(&arc4, xor, n); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, userpass, userpass, 32); } } return pdf_authenticate_user_password(crypt, userpass, 32); } int pdf_authenticate_password(pdf_xref *xref, char *password) { if (xref->crypt) { if (pdf_authenticate_user_password(xref->crypt, (unsigned char *)password, strlen(password))) return 1; if (pdf_authenticate_owner_password(xref->crypt, (unsigned char *)password, strlen(password))) return 1; return 0; } return 1; } int pdf_needs_password(pdf_xref *xref) { if (!xref->crypt) return 0; if (pdf_authenticate_password(xref, "")) return 0; return 1; } int pdf_has_permission(pdf_xref *xref, int p) { if (!xref->crypt) return 1; return xref->crypt->p & p; } unsigned char * pdf_get_crypt_key(pdf_xref *xref) { if (xref->crypt) return xref->crypt->key; return NULL; } int pdf_get_crypt_revision(pdf_xref *xref) { if (xref->crypt) return xref->crypt->v; return 0; } char * pdf_get_crypt_method(pdf_xref *xref) { if (xref->crypt) { switch (xref->crypt->strf.method) { case PDF_CRYPT_NONE: return "None"; case PDF_CRYPT_RC4: return "RC4"; case PDF_CRYPT_AESV2: return "AES"; case PDF_CRYPT_AESV3: return "AES"; case PDF_CRYPT_UNKNOWN: return "Unknown"; } } return "None"; } int pdf_get_crypt_length(pdf_xref *xref) { if (xref->crypt) return xref->crypt->length; return 0; } /* * PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.1 and ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.1a * * Using the global encryption key that was generated from the * password, create a new key that is used to decrypt indivual * objects and streams. This key is based on the object and * generation numbers. */ static int pdf_compute_object_key(pdf_crypt *crypt, pdf_crypt_filter *cf, int num, int gen, unsigned char *key) { fz_md5 md5; unsigned char message[5]; if (cf->method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV3) { memcpy(key, crypt->key, crypt->length / 8); return crypt->length / 8; } fz_md5_init(&md5); fz_md5_update(&md5, crypt->key, crypt->length / 8); message[0] = (num) & 0xFF; message[1] = (num >> 8) & 0xFF; message[2] = (num >> 16) & 0xFF; message[3] = (gen) & 0xFF; message[4] = (gen >> 8) & 0xFF; fz_md5_update(&md5, message, 5); if (cf->method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV2) fz_md5_update(&md5, (unsigned char *)"sAlT", 4); fz_md5_final(&md5, key); if (crypt->length / 8 + 5 > 16) return 16; return crypt->length / 8 + 5; } /* * PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.1 and ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.1a * * Decrypt all strings in obj modifying the data in-place. * Recurse through arrays and dictionaries, but do not follow * indirect references. */ static void pdf_crypt_obj_imp(pdf_crypt *crypt, fz_obj *obj, unsigned char *key, int keylen) { unsigned char *s; int i, n; if (fz_is_indirect(obj)) return; if (fz_is_string(obj)) { s = (unsigned char *) fz_to_str_buf(obj); n = fz_to_str_len(obj); if (crypt->strf.method == PDF_CRYPT_RC4) { fz_arc4 arc4; fz_arc4_init(&arc4, key, keylen); fz_arc4_encrypt(&arc4, s, s, n); } if (crypt->strf.method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV2 || crypt->strf.method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV3) { if (n & 15 || n < 32) fz_warn("invalid string length for aes encryption"); else { unsigned char iv[16]; fz_aes aes; memcpy(iv, s, 16); aes_setkey_dec(&aes, key, keylen * 8); aes_crypt_cbc(&aes, AES_DECRYPT, n - 16, iv, s + 16, s); /* delete space used for iv and padding bytes at end */ if (s[n - 17] < 1 || s[n - 17] > 16) fz_warn("aes padding out of range"); else fz_set_str_len(obj, n - 16 - s[n - 17]); } } } else if (fz_is_array(obj)) { n = fz_array_len(obj); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { pdf_crypt_obj_imp(crypt, fz_array_get(obj, i), key, keylen); } } else if (fz_is_dict(obj)) { n = fz_dict_len(obj); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { pdf_crypt_obj_imp(crypt, fz_dict_get_val(obj, i), key, keylen); } } } void pdf_crypt_obj(pdf_crypt *crypt, fz_obj *obj, int num, int gen) { unsigned char key[32]; int len; len = pdf_compute_object_key(crypt, &crypt->strf, num, gen, key); pdf_crypt_obj_imp(crypt, obj, key, len); } /* * PDF 1.7 algorithm 3.1 and ExtensionLevel 3 algorithm 3.1a * * Create filter suitable for de/encrypting a stream. */ static fz_stream * pdf_open_crypt_imp(fz_stream *chain, pdf_crypt *crypt, pdf_crypt_filter *stmf, int num, int gen) { unsigned char key[32]; int len; len = pdf_compute_object_key(crypt, stmf, num, gen, key); if (stmf->method == PDF_CRYPT_RC4) return fz_open_arc4(chain, key, len); if (stmf->method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV2 || stmf->method == PDF_CRYPT_AESV3) return fz_open_aesd(chain, key, len); return fz_open_copy(chain); } fz_stream * pdf_open_crypt(fz_stream *chain, pdf_crypt *crypt, int num, int gen) { return pdf_open_crypt_imp(chain, crypt, &crypt->stmf, num, gen); } fz_stream * pdf_open_crypt_with_filter(fz_stream *chain, pdf_crypt *crypt, char *name, int num, int gen) { fz_error error; pdf_crypt_filter cf; if (strcmp(name, "Identity")) { error = pdf_parse_crypt_filter(&cf, crypt->cf, name, crypt->length); if (error) fz_catch(error, "cannot parse crypt filter (%d %d R)", num, gen); else return pdf_open_crypt_imp(chain, crypt, &cf, num, gen); } return chain; } void pdf_debug_crypt(pdf_crypt *crypt) { int i; printf("crypt {\n"); printf("\tv=%d length=%d\n", crypt->v, crypt->length); printf("\tstmf method=%d length=%d\n", crypt->stmf.method, crypt->stmf.length); printf("\tstrf method=%d length=%d\n", crypt->strf.method, crypt->strf.length); printf("\tr=%d\n", crypt->r); printf("\to=<"); for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) printf("%02X", crypt->o[i]); printf(">\n"); printf("\tu=<"); for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) printf("%02X", crypt->u[i]); printf(">\n"); printf("}\n"); }