forked from KolibriOS/kolibrios
286 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
286 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
__________________________________________________________________________
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This is the Info-ZIP file ZipPorts, last updated on 17 February 1996.
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__________________________________________________________________________
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This document defines a set of rules and guidelines for those who wish to
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contribute patches to Zip and UnZip (or even entire ports to new operating
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systems). The list below is something between a style sheet and a "Miss
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Manners" etiquette guide. While Info-ZIP encourages contributions and
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fixes from anyone who finds something worth changing, we are also aware
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of the fact that no two programmers have the programming style and that
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unrestrained changes by a few dozen contributors would result in hideously
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ugly (and unmaintainable) Frankenstein code. So consider the following an
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attempt by the maintainers to maintain sanity as well as useful code.
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(The first version of this document was called either "ZipRules" or the
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"No Feelthy ..." file and was compiled by David Kirschbaum in consulta-
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tion with Mark Adler, Cave McNewt and others. The current incarnation
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expands upon the original with insights gained from a few more years of
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happy hacking...)
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Summary:
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(0) The Platinum Rule: DON'T BREAK EXISTING PORTS
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(0.1) The Golden Rule: DO UNTO THE CODE AS OTHERS HAVE DONE BEFORE
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(0.2) The Silver Rule: DO UNTO THE LATEST BETA CODE
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(0.3) The Bronze Rule: NO FEELTHY PIGGYBACKS
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(1) NO FEELTHY TABS
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(2) NO FEELTHY CARRIAGE RETURNS
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(3) NO FEELTHY 8-BIT CHARS
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(4) NO FEELTHY LEFT-JUSTIFIED DASHES
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(5) NO FEELTHY FANCY_FILENAMES
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(6) NO FEELTHY NON-ZIPFILES AND NO FEELTHY E-MAIL BETAS
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(7) NO FEELTHY E-MAIL BINARIES
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Explanations:
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(0) The Platinum Rule: DON'T BREAK EXISTING PORTS
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No doubt about it, this is the one which really pisses us off and
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pretty much guarantees that your port or patch will be ignored and/
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or laughed at. Examples range from the *really* severe cases which
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"port" by ripping out all of the existing multi-OS code, to more
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subtle oopers like relying on a local capability which doesn't exist
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on other OSes or in older compilers (e.g., the use of ANSI "#elif"
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or "#pragma" or "##" constructs, C++ comments, GNU extensions, etc.).
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As to the former, use #ifdefs for your new code (see rule 0.3). And
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as to the latter, trust us--there are few things we'd like better
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than to be able to use some of the elegant "new" features out there
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(many of which have been around for a decade or more). But our code
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still compiles on machines dating back even longer, at least in spirit
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--e.g., the AT&T 3B1 family and Dynix/ptx. Until we say otherwise,
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dinosaurs are supported.
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(0.1) The Golden Rule: DO UNTO THE CODE AS OTHERS HAVE DONE BEFORE
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In other words, try to fit into the local style of programming--no
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matter how painful it may be. This includes cosmetic aspects like
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indenting the same amount (both in the main C code and in the in-
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clude files), using braces and comments similarly, NO TABS (see rule
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#1), etc.; but also more substantive things like (for UnZip) putting
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character strings into static (far) variables and using the LoadFar-
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String macros to avoid overflowing limited MS-DOS data segments, and
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using the ugly Info() macro instead of the more usual *printf()
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functions so that dynamic-link-library ports are simpler. NEVER put
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single-OS code (e.g., OS/2) of more than two or three lines into the
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main (generic) modules; those are shared by everybody, and nobody else
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cares about it or wants to see it.
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Note that not only do Zip and UnZip differ in these respects, so do
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individual parts of each program. While it would be nice to have
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global consistency, cosmetic changes are not a high priority; for
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now we'll settle for local consistency--i.e., don't make things any
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worse than they already are.
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Exception (BIG exception): single-letter variable names. Despite
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the prevailing practice in much of Zip and parts of UnZip, and de-
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spite the fact that one-letter variables allow you to pack really
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cool, compact and complicated expressions onto one line, they also
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make the code very difficult to maintain and are therefore *strongly*
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discouraged. Don't ask us who is responsible in the first place;
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while this sort of brain damage is not uncommon among former BASIC
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programmers, it is nevertheless a lifelong embarrassment, and we do
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try to pity the poor sod (that is, when we're not chasing bugs and
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cursing him). :-)
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(0.2) The Silver Rule: DO UNTO THE LATEST BETA CODE
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Few things are as annoying as receiving a large patch which obviously
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represents a lot of time and careful work but which is relative to
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an old version of Info-ZIP code. As wonderful as Larry Wall's patch
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program is at applying context diffs to modified code, we regularly
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make near-global changes and/or reorganize big chunks of the sources
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(particularly in UnZip), and "patch" can't work miracles--big changes
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invariably break any patch which is relative to an old version of the
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code.
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Bottom line: contact the Info-ZIP core team FIRST (via the zip-bugs
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e-mail address) and get up to date with the latest code before begin-
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ning a big new port. And try to *stay* up to date while working on
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your port--at least, as much as possible.
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(0.3) The Bronze Rule: NO FEELTHY PIGGYBACKS
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UnZip is currently ported to something like 12 operating systems
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(a few more or less depending on how one counts), and each of these,
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with the possible exception of VM/CMS, has a unique macro identifying
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it: AMIGA, ATARI_ST, __human68k__, MACOS, MSDOS, MVS, OS2, TOPS20,
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UNIX, VMS, WIN32. Zip is moving in the same direction. New ports
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should NOT piggyback one of the existing ports unless they are sub-
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stantially similar--for example, Minix and Coherent are basically Unix
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and therefore are included in the UNIX macro, but DOS djgpp ports and
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OS/2 emx ports (both of which use the Unix-originated GNU C compiler
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and often have "unix" defined by default) are obviously *not* Unix.
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[The existing MTS port is a special exception; basically only one per-
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son knows what MTS really is, and he's not telling. Presumably it's
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not very close to Unix, but it's not worth arguing about it now.]
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Along the same lines, neither OS/2 nor Human68K is the same as (or
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even close to) MS-DOS. MVS and VM/CMS, on the other hand, are quite
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similar to each other and are therefore combined in most places.
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Bottom line: when adding a new port (e.g., QDOS), create a new macro
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for it ("QDOS"), a new subdirectory ("qdos") and a new source file for
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OS-specific code ("qdos/qdos.c"). Use #ifdefs to fit any OS-specific
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changes into the existing code (e.g., unzpriv.h). If it's close enough
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to an existing port that piggybacking is a temptation, define a new
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"combination macro" (e.g., "CMS_MVS") and replace the old macros as
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required. (This last applies to UnZip, at least; the old preference
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in Zip was fewer macros and long #ifdef lines, so talk to Onno or Jean-
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loup about that.) See also rule 0.1.
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(Note that, for UnZip, new ports need not attempt to deal with all
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features. Among other things, the wildcard-zipfile code in do_wild()
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may be replaced with a supplied dummy version, since opendir/readdir/
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closedir() or the equivalent can be difficult to implement.)
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(1) NO FEELTHY TABS
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Some editors and e-mail systems either have no capability to use
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and/or display tab characters (ASCII 9) correctly, or they use non-
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standard or variable-width tab columns, or other horrors. Some edi-
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tors auto-convert spaces to tabs, after which the blind use of "diff
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-c" results in a huge and mostly useless patch. Yes, *we* know about
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diff's "-b" option, but not everyone does. And yes, we also know this
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makes the source files bigger, even after compression; so be it. If
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we *really* cared that much about the size of the sources, we'd still
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be writing Unix-only utilities.
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Bottom line: use spaces, not tabs.
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Exception: some of the makefiles (the Unix one in particular) require
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tabs as part of the syntax.
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Related utility programs:
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Unix, OS/2 and MS-DOS: expand, unexpand.
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MS-DOS: Buerg's TABS; Toad Hall's TOADSOFT.
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And some editors have the conversion built-in.
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(2) NO FEELTHY CARRIAGE RETURNS
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All source, documentation and other text files shall have Unix style
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line endings (LF only, a.k.a. ctrl-J), not the DOS/OS2/NT CR+LF or Mac
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CR-only line endings.
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Reason: "real programmers" in any environment can convert back and
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forth between Unix and DOS/Mac style. All PC compilers but a few old
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Borland versions can use either Unix or MS-DOS end-of-lines. Buerg's
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LIST (file-display utility) for MS-DOS can use Unix or MS-DOS EOLs.
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Both Zip and UnZip can convert line-endings as appropriate. But Unix
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utilities like diff and patch die a horrible death (or produce horrible
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output) if the target files have CRs.
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Related utilities: flip for Unix, OS/2 and MS-DOS; Unix "tr".
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Exceptions: documentation in pre-compiled binary distributions should
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be in the local (target) format.
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(3) NO FEELTHY 8-BIT CHARS
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Do all your editing in a plain-text ASCII editor. No WordPerfect, MS
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Word, WordStar document mode, or other word processor files, thenkyew.
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No desktop publishing. *Especially* no EBCDIC. No TIFFs, no GIFs, no
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embedded pictures or dancing ladies (too bad, Cave Newt). [Sigh... -CN]
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Reason: compatibility with different consoles. My old XT clone is
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the most limited!
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Exceptions: some Macintosh makefiles apparently require some 8-bit
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characters; the Human68k port uses 8-bit characters for Kanji or Kana
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comments (I think); etc.
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Related utilities: vi, emacs, EDLIN, Turbo C editor, other programmers'
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editors, various word processor -> text conversion utilities.
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(4) NO FEELTHY LEFT-JUSTIFIED DASHES
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Always precede repeated dashes (------) with one or more leading non-
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dash characters: spaces, tabs, pound signs (#), comments (/*), what-
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ever.
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Reason: sooner or later your source file will be e-mailed through an
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undigestifier utility, most of which treat leading dashes as end-of-
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message separators. We'd rather not have your code broken up into a
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dozen separate untitled messages, thank you.
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(5) NO FEELTHY FANCY_FILENAMES
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Assume the worst: that someone on a brain-damaged DOS system has to
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work with everything your magic fingers produced. Keep the filenames
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unimaginative and within MS-DOS limits (i.e., ordinary A..Z, 1..9,
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"-$_!"-type characters, in the 8.3 "filename.ext" format). Mac and
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Unix users, giggle all you want, but no spaces or multiple dots.
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Reason: compatibility with different file systems. MS-DOS FAT is the
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most limited, with the exception of CompuServe (6.3, argh).
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Exceptions: slightly longer names are occasionally acceptable within
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OS-specific subdirectories, but don't do that unless there's a good
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reason for it.
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(6) NO FEELTHY NON-ZIPFILES AND NO FEELTHY E-MAIL BETAS
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Beta testers and developers are in general expected to have both
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ftp capability and the ability to deal with zipfiles. Those without
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should either find a friend who does or else learn about ftp-mailers.
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Reason: the core development team barely has time to work on the
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code, much less prepare oddball formats and/or mail betas out (and
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the situation is getting worse, sigh).
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Exceptions: anyone seriously proposing to do a new port will be
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given special treatment, particularly with respect to UnZip; we
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obviously realize that bootstrapping a completely new port can be
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quite difficult and have no desire to make it even harder due to
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lack of access to the latest code (rule 0.2).
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Public releases of UnZip, on the other hand, will be available in
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two formats: .tar.Z (16-bit compress'd tar) and .zip (either "plain"
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or self-extracting). Zip sources and executables will generally only
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be distributed in .zip format, since Zip is pretty much useless without
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UnZip.
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(7) NO FEELTHY E-MAIL BINARIES
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Binary files (e.g., executables, test zipfiles, etc.) should NEVER
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be mailed raw. Where possible, they should be uploaded via ftp in
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BINARY mode; if that's impossible, Mark's "ship" ASCII-encoder should
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be used; and if that's unavailable, uuencode or xxencode should be
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used. Weirdo NeXTmail, mailtool and MIME formats are also Right Out.
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Files larger than 50KB may need to be broken into pieces for mailing
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(be sure to label them in order!), unless "ship" is used (it can
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auto-split, label and mail files if told to do so). If Down Under
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is involved, files must be broken into under-20KB chunks.
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Reasons: to prevent sounds of gagging mailers from resounding through-
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out the land. To be relatively efficient in the binary->ASCII conver-
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sion. (Yeah, yeah, I know, there's better conversions out there. But
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not as widely known, and they often break on BITNET gateways.)
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Related utilities: ship, uuencode, uudecode, uuxfer20, quux, others.
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Just make sure they don't leave embedded or trailing spaces (that is,
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they should use the "`" character in place of ASCII 32). Otherwise
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mailers are prone to truncate or whatever.
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Greg Roelofs (a.k.a. Cave Newt)
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Info-ZIP UnZip maintainer
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David Kirschbaum
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former Info-ZIP Coordinator
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